 | This article's factual accuracy is disputed .(May 2024) |
| Salvadoran Campaign of 1832 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Francisco Morazán | |||||||
| |||||||
| Combatants | |||||||
 El Salvador | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 Francisco Morazán  Dionisio de Herrera  Mariano Gálvez | José María Cornejo | ||||||
The Salvadoran Campaign of 1832 or the Salvadoran Rebellion of 1832 was a military conflict in El Salvador in 1832.
In 1824, the Federal Republic of Central America had been formed, which was a loose federation of 5 Republics : Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. A Civil War (1826-1829) had brought the Liberal General Francisco Morazán to power.
In 1832, public order was disturbed, as revolutionary unrest broke out, almost at the same time, in three places in the Republic of El Salvador, on the coasts of Northern Honduras and in Soconusco. This had been planned by Conservatives who had been defeated in the First Central American Civil War in Guatemala in 1829, supported by Archbishop of Guatemala Fray Ramón Casaus y Torres, who was exiled in Havana. [1]
When President Morazán learned that the Head of El Salvador, Jose Maria Cornejo, had contacts with exiled Conservatives, and conspired to change the order of things established by triumph of the liberal party in 1829, he moved to Santa Ana, in January 1832, where he received, from the rebel leader, a strict order to leave that territory.
In view of this hostile actions, the Federal Congress authorized the President to reduce by arms Head of State Cornejo, who was already threatening to separate El Salvador from the Federal Pact. General Morazán, with enough troops, and aided effectively by the governments of Guatemala and Nicaragua, chaired by Mariano Gálvez and Dionisio Herrera respectively, marched to El Salvador, defeated Cornejo on the following March 14 in the plains of Jocoro, and forced him to take refuge in the capital of the State, which he decided to defend at all costs. [2] [3] [4]
The federals attacked the city, by Milingo, Soyapango and Agua Caliente, and after two hours of close fighting, in the streets of the town, they took over the city on March 28, 1832. Cornejo and his main chiefs and officers were imprisoned in Guatemala, and he was replaced as Head of State of El Salvador by Mariano Prado. [5]
The Federal Republic of Central America, initially known as the United Provinces of Central America, was a sovereign state in Central America that existed between 1823 and 1839/1841. The republic was composed of five states, and a Federal District from 1835 to 1839. Guatemala City was its capital city until 1834, when the seat of government was relocated to San Salvador. The Federal Republic of Central America was bordered on the north by Mexico, on the south by Gran Colombia and on its eastern coastline by the Mosquito Coast and British Honduras, both claimed by the federal republic.
José Francisco Morazán Quesada was a liberal Central American politician and general who served as president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1830 to 1839. Before he was president of Central America he was the head of state of Honduras. He rose to prominence at the Battle of La Trinidad on November 11, 1827. Morazán then dominated the political and military scene of Central America until his execution in 1842.
Manuel José Arce y Fagoaga was a Salvadoran statesman and military officer who served as the first president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1825 to 1829.
José Rafael Carrera y Turcios was the president of Guatemala from 1844 to 1848 and from 1851 until his death in 1865, after being appointed President for life in 1854. During his military career and presidency, new nations in Central America were facing numerous problems: William Walker's invasions, liberal attempts to overthrow the Catholic Church and aristocrats' power, the Civil War in the United States, Mayan uprising in the east, Belize boundary dispute with the United Kingdom, and the wars in Mexico under Benito Juárez. This led to a rise of caudillos, a term that refers to charismatic populist leaders among the indigenous people.
Tomás Valladares was a liberal Nicaraguan politician, military officer with the rank of brigadier, member of the Democratic Party, and staunch Central American Unionist who served as acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua from 7 November 1839 to 21 September 1840. His son was Juan de la Cruz Valladares.
Francisco Malespín Herrera was a Salvadoran military officer and politician, elected as the president of El Salvador in 1844. He served from 7 February 1844 to 15 February 1845, when he was deposed by his vice president Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán after invading and overthrowing the liberal government in Nicaraguan. He also led El Salvador to a short unsuccessful war against Guatemala. After being deposed, Malespin returned to El Salvador with forces from Honduras, but he was captured and assassinated. Some of Malespin's closest allies were Francisco Ferrera in Honduras as well as Juan Lindo, both conservatives. He was supported by Honduras after his downfall.
Diego Vigil y Cocaña was a Central American politician. He was the last president of the Federal Republic of Central America (1839–40), during its disintegration. He was also chief of state of the federal states of Honduras (1829) and El Salvador.
Mariano Prado Baca was a Central American lawyer and a four-time, liberal chief of state of El Salvador, while it was a state in the Federal Republic of Central America.
José María Cornejo Merino was a Salvadoran politician. Two times he served as chief of state of El Salvador.
José Damián Villacorta Cañas was a Salvadoran lawyer and politician. He was chief of state of El Salvador from February 16, 1830, to December 4, 1830, while it was a state within the Federal Republic of Central America.
Carlos Salazar Castro was a Central American military officer and Liberal politician. Briefly in 1834 he was provisional president of El Salvador, and in 1839 he was provisional president of Guatemala.
Licenciado José María Silva was a Liberal Salvadoran politician. He was twice briefly chief of state of the State of El Salvador, within the Federal Republic of Central America.
José Dionisio de la Trinidad de Herrera y Díaz del Valle was a Liberal Honduran politician, head of state of Honduras from 1824 to 1827 and head of state of Nicaragua from 1830 to 1833. During his terms, Honduras and Nicaragua were states within the Federal Republic of Central America. Herrera was an uncle of the Liberal Central American general Francisco Morazán.
Pablo Sánchez de Buitrago Sandoval y Benavente was a legitimist Nicaraguan politician who served as the 2nd Supreme Director of Nicaragua from 4 March 1841 to 1 April 1843. He was the first non-acting, elected Supreme Director.
Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol was wealthy and influential Guatemalan merchant family and an important conservative politician. A younger son of the first marquis of Aycinena, peninsular-born Juan Fermín de Aycinena (1729–1796), Mariano was a leader of Guatemalan independence from Spain. He served governor of the State of Guatemala in the Central American Federation from 1 March 1827 to 12 April 1829 and patriarch of the Aycinena family. The family had the commercial monopoly in Central American during the Spanish colonial era later year thanks to the Consulado de Comercio. He was one of the signatories of Central American independence and lobbied heavily for the annexation of Central America to the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide. This arrangement would keep the family's economic position and privileges following independence. After being expelled along with the Aycinena family in 1829 after being defeated by Francisco Morazán, went into exile in the United States and then to Mexico. He came back to Guatemala after the conservatives had allied with general Rafael Carrera; but then he retired from public life and hand the Aycinena family leadership to Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol.
The First Central American Civil War was a civil political and military conflict within the Federal Republic of Central America which lasted from 1827 until 1829. The civil war was fought between Liberal and Conservative lines with Francisco Morazán leading the Liberals and Manuel José Arce, a former Liberal, leading the Conservatives.
Barrios' War of Reunification, also known as Barrios' great attempt, was a war initiated by Guatemalan President Justo Rufino Barrios in 1885 with the goal of reunifying Central America. Of the five Central American countries, only Honduras supported Barrios' reunification effort; Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua opposed it, as did Mexico.
The Battle of La Trinidad occurred in Honduras in 1827, during the revolutionary period in Central America between 1811 and 1844.
The Second Central American Civil War or the Second Central American Federal War was a military conflict in Central America between 1838 and 1840.
The Nicaraguan-Salvadoran War was a military conflict between El Salvador supported by Honduras, against Nicaragua, sparked by the Nicaraguan alliance with Guatemala, country which was at the time at war with El Salvador.