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Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae that is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from the continent of Asia. However, the number of species is disputed, with as many as three species being recognized: Cannabis sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis. Alternatively, C. ruderalis may be included within C. sativa, or all three may be treated as subspecies of C. sativa, or C. sativa may be accepted as a single undivided species.
Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants on Earth. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.
Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The specific epithet sativa means 'cultivated'. Indigenous to Eastern Asia, the plant is now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation. It has been cultivated throughout recorded history and used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, and medicine. It is also used as a recreational drug and for religious and spiritual purposes.
Charas is a cannabis concentrate made from the resin of a live cannabis plant and is handmade in the Indian subcontinent. The plant grows wild throughout Northern India along the stretch of the Himalayas and is an important cash crop for the local people. The difference between charas and hashish is that hashish is made from a dead cannabis plant and charas is made from a live one.
Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae indigenous to the Hindu Kush mountains of Southern Asia. The plant produces large amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), with total cannabinoid levels being as high as 53.7%. It is now widely grown in China, India, Nepal, Thailand, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, as well as southern and western Africa, and is cultivated for purposes including hashish in India. The high concentrations of THC or THCV provide euphoric effects making it popular for use for several purposes, not only simple pleasure but also clinical drug research, potential new drug research, and use in alternative medicine, among many others.
Cannabis ruderalis is a variety, subspecies, or species of Cannabis native to Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. It contains a relatively low quantity of psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and does not require photoperiod to blossom. Some scholars accept C. ruderalis as its own species due to its unique traits and phenotypes which distinguish it from C. indica and C. sativa; others debate whether ruderalis is a subspecies under C. sativa.
The High TimesCannabis Cup is a cannabis festival sponsored by High Times magazine. The event features judges from around the world who sample and vote for their favorite marijuana varieties, with cups (trophies) being awarded to the overall winner in the cannabis variety competition. Since 1997, the Cannabis Cup festival has hosted induction ceremonies for the Counterculture Hall of Fame.
Cannabis flower essential oil, also known as hemp essential oil, is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the flowers, panicles, stem, and upper leaves of the hemp plant. Hemp essential oil is distinct from hemp seed oil and hash oil: the former is a vegetable oil that is cold-pressed from the seeds of low-THC varieties of hemp, the latter is a THC-rich extract of dried female hemp flowers (marijuana) or resin (hashish).
Cannabis strains is a popular name to refer to plant varieties of the monospecific genus Cannabis sativa L.. They are either pure or hybrid varieties of the plant, which encompasses various sub-species C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis.
Malawian cannabis, particularly the strain known as Malawi Gold, is internationally renowned as one of the finest sativa strains from Africa. According to a World Bank report it is among "the best and finest" marijuana strains in the world, generally regarded as one of the most potent psychoactive pure African sativas. The popularity of this variety has led to such a profound increase in marijuana tourism and economic profit in Malawi that Malawi Gold is listed as one of the three "Big C's" in Malawian exports: chambo, chombe (tea), and chamba (cannabis).
Arjan Roskam is a cannabis entrepreneur, the founder of Green House coffeeshops and co-founder of Green House Seed Company. Roskam is known being part of the team that bred the Super Lemon Haze cannabis strain by crossing Lemon Skunk with Super Silver Haze. Roskam is also known as the (self-appointed) "King of Cannabis".
Robert Connell Clarke is an American agronomist and ethnobotanist, specialized in the study of the cannabis plant.
Nevil Martin Schoenmakers was an Australian-born cannabis breeder known for founding the first cannabis seedbank, which was called "The Seed Bank of Holland", in the early 1980s in the Netherlands. This was also the first seed company to advertise directly to the public in High Times magazine.
Autoflowering cannabis or day neutral cannabis varieties automatically switch from vegetative growth to the flowering stage based on age, as opposed to the ratio of light to dark hours required with photoperiod dependent/short-day strains. Many autoflowering varieties are ready to harvest in less than 10 weeks from seed. Dwarf varieties can have short stature while still giving decent harvests.
Acapulco Gold is a strain of Cannabis sativa that was popular during the 1960s counterculture movement for its potency, taste, and unique color. It is a landrace cannabis variety that is an 80% sativa and 20% indica hybrid reportedly produced by crossing a native Mexican strain with a Nepalese indica. It is reported to be difficult to cultivate indoors under lights and is better grown as an outdoor plant due to its large size. This cannabis strain flushes in gold and amber tones in the final stages of flowering, producing dense golden buds with a peppery and citrus odor and flavor, and averages 24% THC and 1% CBD. The terpene profile of Acapulco Gold is mostly caryophyllene, a spicy terpene also found in black pepper. Myrcene is also present and contributes to the earthy aroma of the strain, as well as Limonene which adds a lemon aroma/flavour.
Terms related to cannabis include:
AK-47, also known simply as AK, is a cannabis strain with high THC content. It is a hybrid strain of cannabis that is sativa-dominant; it mixes Colombian, Mexican, Thai, and Afghan strains. A strong and popular strain, it has won multiple cannabis industry awards. The plant genetics of AK-47 have been studied scientifically.
Cannabis (/ˈkænəbɪs/) is commonly known as marijuana or hemp and has two known strains: Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, both of which produce chemicals to deter herbivory. The chemical composition includes specialized terpenes and cannabinoids, mainly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD). These substances play a role in defending the plant from pathogens including insects, fungi, viruses and bacteria. THC and CBD are stored mostly in the trichomes of the plant, and can cause psychological and physical impairment in the user, via the endocannabinoid system and unique receptors. THC increases dopamine levels in the brain, which attributes to the euphoric and relaxed feelings cannabis provides. As THC is a secondary metabolite, it poses no known effects towards plant development, growth, and reproduction. However, some studies show secondary metabolites such as cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes are used as defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic environmental stressors.
References
- ↑ Tully, Colleen Fisher (2020-09-16). "Return of the Skunk". Leafly. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ↑ "Amnesia Haze, a strain that changed the cannabis scene". www.alchimiaweb.com. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- 1 2 Lewis, Amanda Chicago (2020-05-23). "A Hidden Origin Story of the CBD Craze". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ↑ Fountain (2019). Drugs in Society: The Epidemiologically Based Needs Assessment Reviews (Vol 1). CRC Press. p. 75.
- ↑ Cunningham, A. C. (2016). Critical Perspectives on Legalizing Marijuana. Enslow Publishing.
- ↑ Backes, Michael (September 9, 2014). Cannabis Pharmacy: The Practical Guide to Medical Marijuana. Black Dog & Leventhal. pp. 124–125. ISBN 9781579129514. Archived from the original on 2023-04-20. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
- ↑ Woods, Neil; Rafaeli, J. S. (2018-06-28). Drug Wars: The terrifying inside story of Britain's drug trade. Ebury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4735-5242-5.
- ↑ Nolan, James (2017-09-12). "The Story of 'Skunk', the Drug Your Mum Warned You About". Vice. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ↑ McPartland, John Michael; Clarke, Robert Connell; Watson, David Paul (2000). Hemp Diseases and Pests: Management and Biological Control : an Advanced Treatise. CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-454-3.
- ↑ "David Paul Watson – Obituary". Cannabis Business Times. 2025-01-28. Retrieved 2025-01-29.