San Antonio de los Cobres

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San Antonio de los Cobres
San antonio de los cobres view.jpg
A panoramic view of the town, as seen from
the Tren de las Nubes train station
Departamento Los Andes (Salta - Argentina).png
San Antonio (yellow dot) within Los Andes Department (red) and Salta Province
Argentina location map.svg
Red pog.svg
San Antonio de los Cobres
Coordinates: 24°13′04″S66°19′12″W / 24.21778°S 66.32000°W / -24.21778; -66.32000
CountryFlag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Province Bandera de la Provincia de Salta.svg  Salta
Department Flag of None.svg Los Andes
Established?
Government
 • MayorGuzmán Viveros
Elevation
3,775 m (12,385 ft)
Population
 (2001)
 • Total
5,482
Time zone UTC−3 (ART)
Postal code
A4411
Climate BWk
Website Official website

San Antonio de los Cobres is a small town of population 5,482 (per the 2001 INDEC census) [1] in northwestern Argentina. It is the capital of the Los Andes Department of the Salta Province. [2]

Contents

Geography

The town is known for its high elevation of approximately 3,775 meters (12,385 feet) above sea level, being one of the highest elevations of any city or town in Argentina. [2] It is located approximately 160 kilometers (99 mi) from the city of Salta and 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi) from the capital, Buenos Aires. [2] It is part of the Andes desert and described to be an arid region with few trees and scarce drinking water.

History

San Antonio de los Cobres was established in the early 17th century, specifically in 1641. It was founded as a small settlement to support the mining activities in the region and has since developed into a key town in the high Andes of Argentina. The town's history is closely tied to its mining heritage and the Indigenous cultures of the area. In a 2015 podcast from The Naked Scientists , research has shown that people in the San Antonio de los Cobres area have remarkably developed a mutation in their genes to cope with the high levels of arsenic in the area. Having concentrations about ten times higher that those deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO), naturally occurring arsenic has created a very toxic environment in this region contaminating the water supplies. Evolutionary processes resulting from long term exposure have caused a specific mutation within the DNA of this population allowing them to process arsenic more quickly throughout their systems and preventing the formation of poisonous byproducts that would normally form within the body with exposure to the element. This is the first adaptation in humans regarding a toxic chemical to ever be documented. [3]

Economy

San Antonio de las Cobres takes its name from the nearby Sierra de Cobre , or Copper Mountain, which is rich in that mineral. Economic activity in the town is based on mining of the mineral-rich surrounding mountains, and weaving using local llama wool. [4] The town is also a stop along the Tren a las Nubes (Train of the Clouds), [4] on the Salta-Antofagasta rail line.

Climate

San Antonio de los Cobres has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) characterised by mild summers, cold, bone-dry winters, and very large diurnal temperature variation due to the extreme altitude. Rainfall is essentially nil except from January to March, when 96 millimetres (3.78 in) of an annual total of 104 millimetres (4.09 in) falls from thunderstorms.

Climate data for San Antonio de los Cobres
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)25.4
(77.7)		25.0
(77.0)		25.0
(77.0)		21.2
(70.2)		24.5
(76.1)		18.0
(64.4)		17.3
(63.1)		18.3
(64.9)		20.0
(68.0)		23.5
(74.3)		23.2
(73.8)		27.0
(80.6)		27.0
(80.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)20.4
(68.7)		20.4
(68.7)		18.8
(65.8)		17.9
(64.2)		13.8
(56.8)		11.6
(52.9)		11.9
(53.4)		12.1
(53.8)		13.6
(56.5)		17.3
(63.1)		18.4
(65.1)		21.0
(69.8)		16.4
(61.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)12.7
(54.9)		12.5
(54.5)		11.2
(52.2)		9.6
(49.3)		5.9
(42.6)		3.5
(38.3)		2.2
(36.0)		3.2
(37.8)		7.0
(44.6)		10.6
(51.1)		12.3
(54.1)		12.4
(54.3)		8.6
(47.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)4.2
(39.6)		2.9
(37.2)		1.4
(34.5)		−2.9
(26.8)		−5.7
(21.7)		−7.0
(19.4)		−7.7
(18.1)		−6.7
(19.9)		−4.6
(23.7)		−1.0
(30.2)		0.5
(32.9)		1.8
(35.2)		−2.1
(28.2)
Record low °C (°F)−0.3
(31.5)		−2.0
(28.4)		−4.8
(23.4)		−8.5
(16.7)		−13.2
(8.2)		−14.5
(5.9)		−16.0
(3.2)		−13.0
(8.6)		−13.8
(7.2)		−9.2
(15.4)		−7.5
(18.5)		−3.5
(25.7)		−16.0
(3.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)44.0
(1.73)		32.7
(1.29)		19.4
(0.76)		0.4
(0.02)		0.2
(0.01)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		1.5
(0.06)		0.6
(0.02)		0.0
(0.0)		1.1
(0.04)		4.0
(0.16)		103.9
(4.09)
Average relative humidity (%)54494436424458443634374743.8
Source: Secretaria de Mineria [5]

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References

  1. ↑ "Cuadro 12.4 Provincia de Salta según localidad. Población por grupos de edad. Año 2001" [Table 12.4 Province of Salta according to locality. Population by age groups. Year 2001]. Censo 2001 (in Spanish). INDEC . Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 "San Antonio de los Cobres". Vivir en Los Cobres (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  3. ↑ Mills, Georgia (9 March 2015). "Adapting to Arsenic". The Naked Scientists .
  4. 1 2 "Salta: San Antonio de los Cobres". Enjoy Travel Argentina. Enjoy Corporation SA. 2009. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  5. ↑ "Provincia de Salta - Clima Y Meteorologia: Datos Meteorologicos Y Pluviometicos". Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved November 29, 2015.

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