The Santerno is a river in Romagna[1] in northern Italy. It is a major tributary of the river Reno. In Roman times, it was known as the Vatrenus (small Renus), although, in the Tabula Peutingeriana, it was already identified as the Santernus.
It is probable that, in ancient times, the river flowed eastward from Bagnacavallo, as confirmed be the existence of a frazione of Ravenna called Santerno. In those days, after Imola, the river divided into two branches, one moving northeast toward Ravenna, the other continuing northward to join the Po. The Ravenna branch disappeared, most likely in the eighth century.
Once the late course of the river was modified, and protective measures were taken in the 1880s, the Santerno was famous for its serious floods. Fourteen were recorded between 1679 and 1778.
Footnotes
↑ Although its first kilometers are geographically in the Tuscany region.
↑ The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (13ed.). London: Times Books. 2011. p.76 L6. ISBN9780007419135.
Adria is a town and comune in the province of Rovigo in the Veneto region of northern Italy, situated between the mouths of the rivers Adige and Po. The remains of the Etruscan city of Atria or Hatria are to be found below the modern city, three to four metres below the current level. Adria and Spina were the Etruscan ports and depots for Felsina. Adria may have given its name during an early period to the Adriatic Sea, to which it was connected by channels.
Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west. The region's major cities include Cesena, Faenza, Forlì, Imola, Ravenna, Rimini and City of San Marino. The region has been recently formally expanded with the transfer from the Marche region of nine comuni where the Romagnol language is spoken.
Imola is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, located on the river Santerno, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. The city is traditionally considered the western entrance to the historical region Romagna.
The province of Bologna was a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its provincial capital was the city of Bologna. The province of Bologna covered an area of 3,702.32 square kilometres (1,429.47 sq mi) and had a total population of 1,004,323 inhabitants as of 31 December 2014, giving it a population density of 271.27 inhabitants per square kilometre. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Bologna starting from January 2015.
The province of Ferrara is a province in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Its capital is the city of Ferrara. As of May 2023, it has a population of 338,143 inhabitants over an area of 2,635.12 square kilometres (1,017.43 sq mi). It contains 23 cities (comuni), listed in the list of communes of the Province of Ferrara. The current President is Gianni Michele Padovani.
The province of Ravenna is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Ravenna. As of 2015, it has a population of 391,997 inhabitants over an area of 1,859.44 square kilometres (717.93 sq mi), giving it a population density of 210.81 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its provincial president is Claudio Casadio.
Borgo Tossignano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Bologna.
Firenzuola is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence, in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Florence.
The Battle of the Argenta Gap was an engagement which formed part of the Allied spring 1945 offensive during the Italian campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. It took place in northern Italy from 12 to 19 April 1945 between troops of British V Corps commanded by Lieutenant-General Charles Keightley and German units of LXXVI Panzer Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Gerhard von Schwerin.
The Senio is a 92-kilometre (57 mi) river of Romagna in Italy, the final right-sided tributary of the river Reno. The source of the river is in the province of Florence in the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano mountains. The river flows northeast into the province of Ravenna and flows near Casola Valsenio, Riolo Terme, Castel Bolognese, Cotignola, Lugo, Bagnacavallo, Fusignano and Alfonsine before entering the Reno. The river has a tributary called the Sintria that flows into it east of Riolo Terme. The river is along the road to Imola.
The Montone is a river in the historical region of Romagna, which is in the present-day region of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy. It is the northernmost river on the east-facing slopes of the Apennines to flow directly into the Adriatic Sea rather than entering the Po. Its Latin name was Utis or Vitis.
The Reno is a river of Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. It is the tenth longest river in Italy and the most important of the region apart from the Po.
The spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on April 6, 1945 and ended on May 2 with the surrender of German forces in Italy.
Emilia is a historical region of northern Italy, which approximately corresponds to the western and the north-eastern portions of the modern region of Emilia-Romagna, with the area of Romagna forming the remainder of the modern region.
The Bidente-Ronco is a river in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The first portion of the river is called the Bidente. Once the river passes under the Ponte dei Veneziani in Meldola, the river is called the Ronco. The source of the river is near the border between the province of Forlì-Cesena, the province of Arezzo, and the province of Florence in the Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park. The river flows northeast through the mountains in the province of Forlì-Cesena and flows near Santa Sofia, Galeata, Civitella di Romagna and Meldola. Beyond Meldola, the river flows north near Bertinoro, Forlimpopoli, and Forlì before crossing the border into the province of Ravenna. The river flows northeast until it joins the Montone south of Ravenna, and the resulting river is known as the Uniti. The Battle of Ronco took place here.
The Sillaro is a 66-kilometre (41 mi) long Italian stream, whose headwaters are by the village of Piancaldoli, in Tuscany. It runs northeast through the city of Castel San Pietro Terme, Province of Bologna in Emilia Romagna. The river runs through a short extension of the province of Ravenna extending into the province of Bologna before re-entering the province of Bologna. It then forms the border between the province of Ferrara and the province of Ravenna for a short distance before entering the province of Ferrara. The river ends as a tributary of the Reno River by the village of San Biagio di Argenta and near where the Idice enters the Reno. Historically its course formed the boundary between Emilia and Romagna.
Romagnol is a Romance language spoken in the historical region of Romagna, consisting mainly of the southeastern part of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The name is derived from the Lombard name for the region, Romagna. Romagnol is also spoken outside the region, particularly in the independent Republic of San Marino. Romagnol is classified as endangered because older generations have "neglected to pass on the dialect as a native tongue to the next generation".
The Metropolitan City of Bologna is a metropolitan city in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. Its capital is de facto the city of Bologna, though the body does not explicitly outline it. It was created by the reform of local authorities and established by the Law 56/2014, replacing the Province of Bologna. It has been operative since 1 January 2015.
The Savena is a river in the Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions of Italy. The source of the river is in the province of Florence west of Firenzuola in the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano mountains. The river flows north into the province of Bologna and flows near Monghidoro, Loiano, Pianoro and San Lazzaro di Savena before curving east and flowing into the Idice east of Bologna.
Monte Battaglia is a hill located in the territory of the municipality of Casola Valsenio (Ravenna), in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. The toponym, attested in the Middle Ages as "Monte de Batalla" or "Montis Battagliae," has uncertain origins: according to some scholars it refers to a great battle that was fought there between the Goths and Byzantines in the 6th century, while according to others its origin dates back to the time of Lombard domination and the term "battaglia" would be an alteration of the Lombard "pataia," meaning "rag," or "piece of cloth that flutters".
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