History
In Pope Pius V's catalogue of churches, this church is known as 'S. Aura in strada Iulia' (Saint Aurea in the via Julia) and was then part of a monastery. It was dedicated to Saint Aurea, a martyr from Ostia. In the 14th century it was also known as 'Sant'Eusterio', as a result of the catalogue of Cencio Camerario (n. 232) and of the anonymous Turin catalogue, which states "Ecclesia s. Austerii de campo Senensi habet unum sacerdotem" (the church of s. Austerii in campo Senensi has one priest). By 1572 the church was in a poor state - that year, it and the monastery were assigned to the Confraternity of the Holy Spirit of the Neapolitans. The Confraternity demolished the existing church and built a new one dedicated to the Holy Spirit, which was inaugurated in 1574.
The church was rebuilt twice more, to designs by Domenico Fontana or perhaps Ottaviano Mascherino at the end of the 16th century. At the beginning of the 18th century, it was given a major redesign by Carlo Fontana. Antonio Cipolla carried out major restorations to the interior and rebuilt the facade in 1853.
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