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A quasar is an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN). It is sometimes known as a quasi-stellar object,abbreviated QSO. The emission from an AGN is powered by a supermassive black hole with a mass ranging from millions to tens of billions of solar masses,surrounded by a gaseous accretion disc. Gas in the disc falling towards the black hole heats up and releases energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The radiant energy of quasars is enormous;the most powerful quasars have luminosities thousands of times greater than that of a galaxy such as the Milky Way. Quasars are usually categorized as a subclass of the more general category of AGN. The redshifts of quasars are of cosmological origin.
An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum,with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. Such excess,non-stellar emissions have been observed in the radio,microwave,infrared,optical,ultra-violet,X-ray and gamma ray wavebands. A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an active galaxy. The non-stellar radiation from an AGN is theorized to result from the accretion of matter by a supermassive black hole at the center of its host galaxy.
In the fields of Big Bang theory and cosmology,reionization is the process that caused electrically neutral atoms in the universe to reionize after the lapse of the "dark ages".
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey or SDSS is a major multi-spectral imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2.5-m wide-angle optical telescope at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico,United States. The project began in 2000 and was named after the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation,which contributed significant funding.
The Sloan Great Wall (SGW) is a cosmic structure formed by a giant wall of galaxies. Its discovery was announced from Princeton University on October 20,2003,by J. Richard Gott III,Mario Jurić,and their colleagues,based on data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
MS 1512-cB58 is a galaxy in the Boötes constellation. It is a starburst galaxy that is being strongly gravitationally lensed,magnifying its apparent size by 30−50 times.
In cosmology,galaxy filaments are the largest known structures in the universe,consisting of walls of galactic superclusters. These massive,thread-like formations can commonly reach 50/h to 80/h megaparsecs —with the largest found to date being the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall at around 3 gigaparsecs (9.8 Gly) in length—and form the boundaries between voids. Due to the accelerating expansion of the universe,the individual clusters of gravitationally bound galaxies that make up galaxy filaments are moving away from each other at an accelerated rate;in the far future they will dissolve.
Alice Eve Shapley is a professor at the University of California,Los Angeles (UCLA) in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. She was one of the discoverers of the spiral galaxy BX442. Through her time at University of California,Los Angeles (UCLA) she has taught Nature of the Universe,Black Holes and Cosmic Catastrophes,Cosmology:Our Changing Concepts of the Universe,Galaxies,Scientific Writing,AGNs,Galaxies,*and* Writing,and The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and the IGM. Shapley has committed herself to over a two decades of research and publication in the interest of physics and astronomy.
Laura Ferrarese is a researcher in space science at the National Research Council of Canada. Her primary work has been performed using data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.
Emily Levesque is an American astronomer,author,and associate professor in the Department of Astronomy at the University of Washington. She is renowned for her work on massive stars and using these stars to investigate galaxy formation. She is also the author of three books,including the 2020 popular science book The Last Stargazers:The Enduring Story of Astronomy's Vanishing Explorers.
Georges Meylan is a Swiss astronomer,born on July 31,1950,in Lausanne,Switzerland. He was the director of the Laboratory of Astrophysics of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) in Lausanne,Switzerland,and now a professor emeritus of astrophysics and cosmology at EPFL. He is still active in both research and teaching.
Katherine Mary Blundell is a Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Oxford and a supernumerary research fellow at St John's College,Oxford. Previously,she held a Royal Society University Research Fellowship,and fellowships from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and Balliol College,Oxford.
Kim A. Venn is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Victoria,Canada,and director of the university's Astronomy Research Centre. She researches the chemo-dynamical analysis of stars in the galaxy and its nearby dwarf satellites.
Blakesley Burkhart is an astrophysicist. She is the winner of the 2017 Robert J. Trumpler Award awarded by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific,which recognizes a Ph.D. thesis that is "particularly significant to astronomy." She also is the winner of the 2019 Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy and the 2022 winner of The American Physical Society's Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award. The awards both cited her work on magnetohydrodynamic turbulence,and for developing innovative techniques for comparing observable astronomical phenomena with theoretical models.
Louise Olivia Violet Edwards is a Canadian astronomer and associate professor of physics at California Polytechnic State University,and is one of the first Black Canadians to receive a PhD in astronomy. In 2002,she was pictured on a Canadian stamp.
UM 287 known as PHL 868 and LBQS 0049+0045,is a quasar located in the Cetus constellation. Its redshift is 2.267134 estimating the object to be located 10.9 billion light-years away from Earth.
References
- ↑ "Sara Ellison - University of Victoria". www.uvic.ca. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- 1 2 "Astronomy Research". astro.uvic.ca. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- 1 2 Robinson, Matthew. "Q&A: Gazing into space to see the future". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- 1 2 3 "A Brief CV". astro.uvic.ca. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ↑ Guardian Staff (18 November 2001). "Stars in their eyes". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712 . Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ↑ Ellison, S. L.; Yan, L.; Hook, I. M.; Pettini, M.; Wall, J. V.; Shaver, P. (2001). "The CORALS survey I: New estimates of the number density and gas content of damped Lyman alpha systems free from dust bias". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 379 (2): 393–406. arXiv: astro-ph/0109205 . Bibcode:2001A&A...379..393E. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011281.
- ↑ Ellison, Sara L.; Songaila, Antoinette; Schaye, Joop; Pettini, M. (2000). "The Enrichment History of the Intergalactic Medium-Measuring the C IV/H I Ratio in the Lyα Forest". The Astronomical Journal. 120 (3): 1175–1191. arXiv: astro-ph/0005448 . Bibcode:2000AJ....120.1175E. doi:10.1086/301511.
- ↑ Ellison, Sara L.; Patton, David R.; Simard, Luc; McConnachie, Alan W. (2008). "Galaxy Pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Star Formation, Active Galactic Nucleus Fraction, and the Mass-Metallicity Relation". The Astronomical Journal. 135 (5): 1877–1899. arXiv: 0803.0161 . Bibcode:2008AJ....135.1877E. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1877.
- ↑ Ellison, Sara L.; Patton, David R.; Mendel, J. Trevor; Scudder, Jillian M. (2008). "Galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – IV. Interactions trigger active galactic nuclei". The Astronomical Journal. 418 (3): 2043–2053. arXiv: 1108.2711 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.418.2043E. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1877.
- ↑ "Astronomy Outreach". astro.uvic.ca. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ↑ "Quirks Question Period – Lunar Landing Sites". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ↑ "Sara's Art Page". astro.uvic.ca. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ↑ "Sara's Race Page". astro.uvic.ca. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- 1 2 "Past Officers and Directors of the Society – CASCA" . Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ↑ "Past Award Winners | The Royal Society of Canada". rsc-src.ca. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ "Dr. Sarah Ellison awarded the 2008/09 Faculty of Science Award for Research Excellence - University of Victoria". www.uvic.ca. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
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