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Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews. This sentiment is a form of racism, and a person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Primarily, antisemitic tendencies may be motivated by negative sentiment towards Jews as a people or by negative sentiment towards Jews with regard to Judaism. In the former case, usually presented as racial antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by the belief that Jews constitute a distinct race with inherent traits or characteristics that are repulsive or inferior to the preferred traits or characteristics within that person's society. In the latter case, known as religious antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by their religion's perception of Jews and Judaism, typically encompassing doctrines of supersession that expect or demand Jews to turn away from Judaism and submit to the religion presenting itself as Judaism's successor faith—this is a common theme within the other Abrahamic religions. The development of racial and religious antisemitism has historically been encouraged by the concept of anti-Judaism, which is distinct from antisemitism itself.
Blood libel or ritual murder libel is an antisemitic canard which falsely accuses Jews of murdering Christians in order to use their blood in the performance of religious rituals. Echoing very old myths of secret cultic practices in many prehistoric societies, the claim, as it is leveled against Jews, was rarely attested to in antiquity. According to Tertullian, it originally emerged in late antiquity as an accusation made against members of the early Christian community of the Roman Empire. Once this accusation had been dismissed, it was revived a millennium later as a Christian slander against Jews in the medieval period. The first examples of medieval blood libel emerged in England in the mid 1100s before spreading into other parts of Europe, especially France and Germany. This libel, alongside those of well poisoning and host desecration, became a major theme of the persecution of Jews in Europe from that period down to modern times.
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The Jewish Quarterly-Wingate Literary Prize is an annual British literary prize inaugurated in 1977. It is named after the host Jewish Quarterly and the prize's founder Harold Hyam Wingate. The award recognises Jewish and non-Jewish writers resident in the UK, British Commonwealth, Europe and Israel who "stimulate an interest in themes of Jewish concern while appealing to the general reader". As of 2011 the winner receives £4,000.
The Jewish nose, also known as the Jew's nose and the Middle Eastern nose, is an antisemitic ethnic stereotype referring to a hooked nose with a convex nasal bridge and a downward turn of the tip of the nose. It was singled out as a hostile caricature of Jews in mid-13th century Europe and has since become a defining and persisting element of the overall Jewish stereotype globally. In modern times, it has also been adopted by Jews as a part of their identity to spite historic antisemitism.
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Robert Michael (1936–2010) was a Professor Emeritus of European History at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. He is the father of singer-songwriter Avi Jacob.
Jews, Money, Myth is an exhibition held at the Jewish Museum London in 2019. It was made in collaboration with the Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism at Birkbeck, University of London with the academic collaboration from David Feldman, Anthony Bale, and Marc Volovici.
The Happy Merchant is a common name for an image depicting an antisemitic caricature of a Jewish man. The image appears commonly on websites such as 4chan or Reddit, where it is frequently used in hateful or disparaging contexts.
References
- ↑ Kahn, Eve (30 October 2014). "Not All Medieval Sacred Art Was Anti-Semitic". New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ↑ Pearl, Sharrona (8 February 2009). "The Myth of the Jewish Nose". Tablet . Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- 1 2 Jacobson, Howard (17 April 2019). "Jews and the money myth From Judas to the Brick Lane mural, how the malicious libel about Jewish greed gripped the global imagination". New Statesman . Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ↑ Roth, Michael (19 December 2014). "'Dark Mirror,' on origins of anti-Jewish iconography (book review)". Washington Post. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ↑ Chazan, Robert (5 April 2015). "When Did Christian Art Begin Singling Out Jews? (book review)". Haaretz . Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ↑ "Dark Mirror (brief review)". The New Yorker . 9 February 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ↑ Christiansen, Eric (9 July 2015). "Two Cheers for the Middle Ages! (book review)". New York Review of Books . Retrieved 22 May 2019.
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