Sarah Pearce | |
---|---|
Born | 1965 |
Nationality | British |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | University of Oxford, University of London |
Doctoral advisor | Geza Vermes, Martin Goodman |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Classics |
Institutions | University of Southampton |
Notable works | Philo,The Land of the Body:Studies in Philo's Representation of Egypt The words of Moses:studies in the reception of Deuteronomy in the Second Temple Period |
Sarah J. K. Pearce is Ian Karten Professor of History and Head of the School of Humanities at the University of Southampton. She is known in particular for her work on Jews in the Hellenistic world and the Roman Empire,especially the life and work of Philo of Alexandria. [1]
Pearce read Divinity at the University of London gaining her BA in 1988. She moved to the Oriental Institute of the University of Oxford and gained her D.Phil. in 1995 with a dissertation on the reception of the Bible in the Second Temple period. [2] Her work was published in an expanded version in 2013 as The words of Moses:studies in the reception of Deuteronomy in the Second Temple Period. [3]
Pearce moved to the University of Southampton in 1996 firstly as a Parkes Fellow and then as the first Ian Karten Fellow. She became lecturer,senior lecturer and then Professor of History. [4] [2] [5] [6] She is a member of the University of Southampton's Parkes Institute for the Study of Jewish/non-Jewish Relations. [7] Pearce was a co-director of the AHRB funded Greek Bible in the Graeco-Roman World Project (2001 to 2006) with Tessa Rajak at the University of Reading. [8] Pearce was a collaborator on the AHRC project based at the University of Oxford (2013 to 2016) on The Reception of Josephus in Jewish Culture from the Eighteenth Century to the Present. [9]
Pearce is working on a new English translation and commentary on Philo's On the Decalogue for the Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series. [1]
Flavius Josephus or Yosef ben Mattityahu was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader. Best known for writing The Jewish War,he was born in Jerusalem—then part of the Roman province of Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.
In Abrahamic religions,Moses was a prophet who led the Israelites out of slavery in the Exodus. He is considered the most important prophet in Judaism and Samaritanism,and one of the most important prophets in Christianity,Islam,the BaháʼíFaith,and other Abrahamic religions. According to both the Bible and the Quran,God dictated the Mosaic Law to Moses,which he wrote down in the five books of the Torah.
The Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible,namely the books of Genesis,Exodus,Leviticus,Numbers and Deuteronomy. In Christianity,the Torah is also known as the Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. In Rabbinical Jewish tradition it is also known as the Written Torah. If meant for liturgic purposes,it takes the form of a Torah scroll. If in bound book form,it is called Chumash,and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries.
The Pharisees were a Jewish social movement and school of thought in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism. Following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD,Pharisaic beliefs became the foundational,liturgical,and ritualistic basis for Rabbinic Judaism. Although the group no longer exists,their traditions are of great importance for the manifold Jewish religious movements.
Philo of Alexandria,also called PhilōJudæus,was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria,in the Roman province of Egypt.
Pseudo-Philo is the name commonly used for the unknown,anonymous author of the Biblical Antiquities. This text is also commonly known today under the Latin title Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum,a title that is not found in the Latin manuscripts. Although probably originally written in Hebrew,it is preserved today only through a Latin translation found in 18 complete and 3 fragmentary manuscripts that date between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries CE. In addition,material paralleling that in the Biblical Antiquities is also found in the Chronicles of Jerahmeel,a 14th-century Hebrew composition. The Latin text of the Biblical Antiquities circulated alongside Latin translations of the authentic writings of Philo of Alexandria. Scholars have long recognized the pseudonymous character of the text now known as the Biblical Antiquities. Primary in this regard is a vastly differing approach to and use of the Jewish scriptures. For the sake of convenience,scholars continue to follow the lead of Leopold Cohn in calling the unknown author "Pseudo-Philo".
Tiberius Julius Alexander was an equestrian governor and general in the Roman Empire. Born into a wealthy Jewish family of Alexandria but abandoning or neglecting the Jewish religion,he rose to become the 2nd procurator of Judea under Claudius. While Prefect of Egypt (66–69),he employed his legions against the Alexandrian Jews in a brutal response to ethnic violence,and was instrumental in the Emperor Vespasian's rise to power. In 70,he participated in the Siege of Jerusalem as Titus' second-in-command. He became the most powerful Jew of his age,and is ranked as one of the most prominent Jews in military history.
Antiquities of the Jews is a 20-volume historiographical work,written in Greek,by historian Josephus in the 13th year of the reign of Roman emperor Domitian,which was 94 CE. The book contains an account of the history of the Jewish people for Josephus's gentile patrons. In the first ten volumes,Josephus follows the events of the Hebrew Bible beginning with the creation of Adam and Eve.
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of Judaea against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE. The term primarily applies to the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136) which sought restoring Judean independence that was lost since the Hasmonean civil war. Some sources also include the Diaspora Revolt (115–117),a campaign waged by the Jewish diaspora across the Eastern Mediterranean.
A burnt offering in Judaism is a form of sacrifice first described in the Hebrew Bible. As a tribute to God,a burnt offering was entirely burnt on the altar. This is in contrast to other forms of sacrifice,which was partly burnt and most of it eaten in communion at a sacrificial meal.
Hellenistic Judaism was a form of Judaism in classical antiquity that combined Jewish religious tradition with elements of Hellenistic culture and religion. Until the early Muslim conquests of the eastern Mediterranean,the main centers of Hellenistic Judaism were Alexandria in Egypt and Antioch in Syria,the two main Greek urban settlements of the Middle East and North Africa,both founded in the end of the 4th century BCE in the wake of the conquests of Alexander the Great. Hellenistic Judaism also existed in Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period,where there was a conflict between Hellenizers and traditionalists.
There is no scholarly consensus as to when the canon of the Hebrew Bible was fixed. Rabbinic Judaism recognizes the twenty-four books of the Masoretic Text as the authoritative version of the Tanakh. Of these books,the Book of Daniel of Ketuvim has the most recent final date of composition. The canon was therefore fixed at some time after this date. Some scholars argue that it was fixed during the Hasmonean dynasty,while others argue it was not fixed until the second century CE or even later.
The Biblical figure Moses is discussed or alluded to in surviving works by a number of Judeo-Hellenic or Judeo-Roman authors,including Eupolemus,Artapanus,Josephus,and Philo,as well as the non-Jewish Hellenistic authors discussed in the main article Moses.
Louis Harry Feldman was an American classicist. He was the Abraham Wouk Family Professor of Classics and Literature at Yeshiva University,the institution at which he taught since 1955.
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years during which the Second Temple stood in the city of Jerusalem. It began with the return to Zion and subsequent reconstruction of the Temple in Jerusalem,and ended with the First Jewish–Roman War and the Roman siege of Jerusalem.
Edom was an ancient kingdom that stretched across areas in the south of present-day Jordan and Israel. Edom and the Edomites appear in several written sources relating to the late Bronze Age and to the Iron Age in the Levant,including the list of the Egyptian pharaoh Seti I from c. 1215 BC as well as in the chronicle of a campaign by Ramesses III,and the Tanakh.
Second Temple Judaism is the Jewish religion as it developed during the Second Temple period,which began with the construction of the Second Temple around 516 BCE and ended with the Roman siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE.
The history of the Jews in Alexandria dates back to the founding of the city by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE. Jews in Alexandria played a crucial role in the political,economic,cultural and religious life of Hellenistic and Roman Alexandria,with Jews comprising about 35% of the city's population during the Roman era.
Gregory E. Sterling is an American religious scholar,academic and researcher. He is the Reverend Henry L. Slack Dean and Lillian Claus Professor of New Testament at Yale Divinity School. He is a former dean of the Graduate School of University of Notre Dame where he also served on the faculty for 23 years.
Ralph Marcus was an American classical philologist and historian of Hellenistic Judaism and the Second Temple period. He is most known for his Loeb Classical Library translations of works of the Jewish authors Josephus and Philo of Alexandria from Koine Greek and Classical Armenian into English.