School House, Townsville Grammar School

School House, Townsville Grammar School
School House, Townsville Grammar School
	School House, 2000
Location	Paxton Street, North Ward, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Coordinates	19°15′06″S146°48′22″E / 19.2516°S 146.8061°E Coordinates: 19°15′06″S146°48′22″E / 19.2516°S 146.8061°E
Design period	1870s - 1890s (late 19th century)
Built	1903 - 1904
Architect	Tunbridge & Tunbridge
Architectural style(s)	Classicism
Queensland Heritage Register
Official name	School House, Townsville Grammar School
Type	state heritage (built)
Designated	31 December 2002
Reference no.	601029
Significant period	1880s-1900s (historical); 1900s (fabric); 1903 ongoing (social)
Significant components	school/school room
	Location of School House, Townsville Grammar School in Queensland School House, Townsville Grammar School (Australia)

Last updated July 26, 2021

School House at Townsville Grammar School is a heritage-listed school building at Paxton Street, North Ward, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Tunbridge & Tunbridge and built from 1903 to 1904. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 December 2002.^[1]

History

The present School House building at Townsville Grammar School was built from 1903 to 1904 to a design by Townsville architects Tunbridge and Tunbridge. It replaced an 1888 FDG Stanley-designed building which was severely damaged by Cyclone Leonta on 9 March 1903.^[2] While sympathetic to the Stanley design, the Tunbridge and Tunbridge building was strengthened to resist future cyclones.^[1]

The Townsville Grammar School had opened in 1888, founded on the subscriptions of a number of influential members of North Queensland society including Robert Philp, Isaac Tyson, and Thankful Willmett. It was the last and most northerly of Queensland's grammar schools and gathered students from the vast area of North Queensland and overseas, providing the closest access to secondary education for children gaining grammar school scholarships in North Queensland.^[1]

The Grammar Schools Act 1860, under which the Townsville Grammar School was established, was modelled on the Sydney Grammar Schools Act 1854, and provided government support for the establishment of grammar schools in the colony of Queensland. Schools established under this Act provided the only government-subsidised secondary education available in Queensland until the introduction of free high school education in 1912. The 1860 Act provided that where local communities raised £1,000 the government would contribute another £2,000 toward the establishment of a grammar school, with a further £250 endowment annually when school fees of £250 per annum were guaranteed for 3 years. An amendment to this Act in 1864 increased the amount to be raised to £2,000, the guaranteed fees to £500 and the endowment to £1,000. Their curriculum and philosophy was based on the English tradition of liberal education and included sport, as well as classical and modern studies. In contrast to the southern colonies, Queensland's grammar schools were established along secular lines, providing secondary education for all classes and denomination without any distinction. In support of this principle, grammar school scholarships were awarded on academic merit to eligible students in their final year of primary education.^[1]

Townsville Grammar School opened in 1888 as a boys' school, but the school has accepted female students since 1893 when Mary Foley applied for admission. There was much debate over the admission of girls, some parents considering them to be a disruptive influence on the boys' academic studies and that their admission would require expenditure on building modifications. However others saw the financial benefit of their admission in a time of economic depression, when declining student numbers threatened the loss of their annual Queensland Government endowment.^[1]

As the establishment of co-education was not specifically covered by the 1860 Act or 1864 Amendment there was no legal basis for refusing the admission of girls and the Under Secretary for Public Instruction advised that it was a matter for the trustees to consider. Mr Hodges, the headmaster, stated he was willing to admit girls to the school citing the success of such schools in America as evidence for his decision. After consultation with parents, it was resolved that girls holding grammar scholarships would be admitted to the school as day students until such time as a Girls' Grammar School was established. However, by 1905 the idea of establishing a Girls' Grammar School had been abandoned due to financial constraints and co-education at Townsville Grammar School was adopted as a matter of principle.^[1]

Townsville Grammar School's adoption of co-education from 1893, distinguished it from other grammar schools in Queensland where separate boys' and girls' schools were established. Over the years a number of girls who have attended Townsville Grammar have achieved distinction: Agnes McWhinney who attended the school in 1906 became the first female solicitor in Queensland in 1915, and in 1944 Shirley Richards won the Byrnes medal for the best Junior pass in Queensland.^[1]

When the 1888 Townsville Grammar School building was damaged in 1903, the Trustees borrowed £3,000 from the government to rebuild. Lieut.-Colonel WH Tunbridge, a leading North Queensland architect and civil engineer, was responsible for the rebuilding of the School House building, as well as the reconstruction of other Townsville buildings. In the restoration and rebuilding of these buildings the effects of cyclonic winds were taken into account. Evidence suggests that the School House building was completely dismantled and rebuilt using some of the same bricks. To strengthen the building Tunbridge, who was a pioneer of the use of concrete in Australia, used cement based mortar, instead of the more common lime, to lay the bricks in the new building. He also increased the thickness of the main walls to 18 inches (460 mm) below the surface and the 14 inches (360 mm) above. The roof appeared less steeply pitched and is said to have been braced with steel which created greater strength against future cyclones. His design was sympathetic to the original Stanley design and copied the T-shaped layout; however the new building was more tropical in appearance. It was considered a cooler better-planned school building and featured wide verandahs on both levels which were used for sleeping in hot weather. This potential was advertised in the 1922 Illustrated Prospectus. Until 1940 all lessons, except for science, were conducted on the lower level of the School House building while the upper level provided dormitories for some of the boarders.^[1]

Like other schools in Townsville, Townsville Grammar was commandeered during the Second World War. The RAAF took over the buildings and grounds in February 1942 and its No.3 Fighter Sector HQ, which monitored and identified aircraft in the region and initiated air-raid warnings, were stationed at the school. Aerials and wires were visible on the roofs of the buildings, and huts were set up on the ovals to house members of the WAAAF. Meanwhile, the School moved into premises at Rosslea until January 1945, and did not regain full use of the whole grounds until later that year.^[1]

Since the 1950s the school has expanded dramatically both in student numbers and physically, with the School House building now virtually surrounded by other buildings. Classes are no longer taught in School House, which currently comprises two floors of accommodation for boarders and boarding masters. Modern bathrooms were added in 1955.^[1]

Over the years Townsville Grammar School has achieved academic distinction, with two past students awarded Rhodes Scholarships: GFE Hall in 1910 and Chester Parker in 1938.^[1]

Description

The T-shaped building is a two storeyed brick and timber structure with the majority of the brickwork painted dark brown except for a small section of the front verandah of the upper storey. The front of the School House faces NNE towards the Strand with a wing projecting at right angles towards Castle Hill from behind the centre front. A dominant feature of the internal architecture of the building is an archway in the centre of the back wing on both levels. The archway on the upper level is smaller and the supporting walls extend into the room further than the one on the lower level. There is also evidence in a filled in wall in the boarding masters' room on the lower level of another small archway. The rooms on both levels have tongue and groove ceilings with the ceiling on the lower level much higher than the upper one.^[1]

The building features partly enclosed verandahs on both levels. The WNW end of the verandah at the front of the upper storey of the building has been enclosed with tongue and groove boards to create a bathroom. Also on the upper level the WNW/SSW corner section of the verandah has been enclosed to form a room. Glass louvres feature prominently in this section. The balustrading of the remaining verandah on the SSW and WNW sides of the upper level have been enclosed using fibrolite. Verandah ceilings on the upper storey are lined with wide tongue and groove boards and the floors are of hardwood. The verandah posts have been stop chamfered on the edges with two mouldings, a smaller neck mould and a larger capping mould, placed around the post above the stop chamfering, so that the finished verandah post reflected classical influence. A frieze of timber battens defines the lower verandahs on the NNE, SSW and WNW sides of the building extending from under the upper storey. The WNW verandah on the lower level has been partly enclosed using cement breeze blocks which adjoin a two-storey rendered block building that abuts the School House and houses bathrooms for the boarders. The upper level bathroom is at the level of the staircase landing. The balustrading on the upper storey of the front of the building is vertical dowel elaborated by the addition of a second horizontal rail just below the top handrail with dowels finishing at either top or lower rail to create a regular pattern.^[1]

The roof is of corrugated iron. The roof of the front wing is a hipped roof with a small gable introduced into the centre edge of each end and on the centre front edge. A finial projects through each of these. This gable and finial also exists in the centre edge of the roof on the SSW side of the building. The verandah roofs are stepped down from the main roof structure.^[1]

The steps on the NNE and WNW sides of the building appear to be cement rendered. The School House building features solid timber French doors however the ones on the upper level opening onto the verandah are glass and timber. Most French doors have fanlight windows above them. There are also a couple of heavy timber panelled doors. The original front entrance door has been replaced by a glass sliding door, however a panel of the original etched glass that would have surrounded the front door is still visible. Glass and metal louvres have replaced the original windows in the building however an original sash window still exists at the front of the building on the upper storey. Two window openings on the WNW side of the building have been bricked up however the flat arches of these window openings are still visible in the brickwork. The building and an older metal ladder at the ESE end of the front verandah. For comfort some modern features have been added to the building.^[1]

Heritage listing

School House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 December 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.^[1]

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

The School House, erected 1903-4 as the Townsville Grammar School and as a replacement for the cyclone-damaged 1888 grammar school building on the same site, is important in demonstrating the history of education and the development of grammar schools in Queensland. Townsville Grammar School, opened in 1888, was the only grammar school established in North Queensland, and played an important role in the provision of subsidised secondary education to the North Queensland community, prior to the establishment of state secondary schools. It is also the longest surviving co-educational grammar school in Queensland. The place is also important to the history of Queensland because of its role as an aircraft monitoring and air raid warning centre during the Second World War.^[1]

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

School House is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an early 20th century grammar school building, including provision for boarders.^[1]

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

The building is important also in demonstrating the aesthetic achievements of early 20th century tropical architecture.^[1]

The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

The building is important also in demonstrating the technical achievements of early 20th century tropical architecture.^[1]

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

School House has a special association with the Townsville community and the community of the Townsville Grammar School for social and cultural reasons.^[1]

The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.

The place also has a special association with the work of WH Tunbridge, one of North Queensland's leading architects and engineers in the late19th and early 20th centuries.^[1]

Related Research Articles

Maryborough Central State School is a heritage-listed state school at 471 Kent Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1875 to 1953. It is also known as Central State School for Boys, Central State School for Girls, and Central State School for Infants. It was the first state school in Maryborough and was established with separate girls and boys departments. It is the oldest public school in Queensland. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 October 1994.

Mount Carmel Convent is a heritage-listed former Roman Catholic convent at 199 Bay Terrace, Wynnum, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Hall & Dods and built in 1915 by William Richard Juster. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 August 1999.

St Brigid's Convent is a heritage-listed Roman Catholic convent at 9-17 Upper Clifton Terrace, Red Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Eaton & Bates and built from 1902 to 1923. It is also known as Convent of the Annuciation and Red Hill Convent. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 March 2003.

Rockhampton Girls Grammar School is a heritage-listed private school at 155 Agnes Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Edwin Morton Hockings and built in 1890 by Moir Cousins and Co. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 20 October 2000.

Bishop's Lodge is a heritage-listed house at 13 St James Drive, Belgian Gardens, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Tunbridge & Tunbridge and built in 1897. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Townsville School of Arts is a heritage-listed former school of arts and now community cultural centre at Stanley Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Eyre & Munro and built in 1891 by James Smith. It is also known as Dancenorth Theatre and Townsville Arts Centre. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Victoria Park Hotel was a heritage-listed hotel at 266 Boundary Street, South Townsville, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Tunbridge & Tunbridge and built from 1895 to 1896 by Jeremiah Dempsey. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. It was completely destroyed by fire on 8 June 2018.

Osler House is a heritage-listed detached house at 35 Sturt Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by W G Smith & Sons and built from 1888 to 1950s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Queensland National Bank is a heritage-listed former bank at 295-303 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1878-1879 by C A Ward. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 January 1994.

St Mary's Church & Convent are heritage-listed Roman Catholic church buildings at 34 Ingham Road, West End, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by the Rooney Brothers and built by Cowell & Holt in 1888. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 January 1993.

Wolverton is a heritage-listed detached house at 95 Stagpole Street, West End, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1903. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Drystone Wall is a heritage-listed drystone wall at 2-4 Cleveland Terrace, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1877. It is also known as Queensland Transport, Townsville Library and School of Arts/Licence Testing Centre, and Townsville Supreme Court. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.

Yongala Lodge is a heritage-listed detached house at 11 Fryer Street, North Ward, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Rooney Brothers and was built by the Rooney Brothers from c. 1883 to 1930s. It is also known as Lister Private Hospital, Matthew Rooney's Residence, and Nestle Private Hospital. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992.

St Patrick's Convent is a heritage-listed convent at 45 The Strand, North Ward, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built in c. 1883. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 February 2012.

St John's Anglican Church Precinct is a heritage-listed churchyard at 30-34 Macrossan Street, South Townsville, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1907 to c. 1911. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Block A of Townsville Technical College is a heritage-listed technical college building at 212-260 Stanley Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Department of Public Works (Queensland) and built from 1920 to 1921. It is also known as Townsville State High School and the City Campus of the Barrier Reef Institute of TAFE. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 May 2004.

Cluden Racecourse is a heritage-listed racecourse at 1 Racecourse Road, Cluden, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Walter Howard Tunbridge and built in 1896 by Mr Reid. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Cairns School of Arts is a heritage-listed former school of arts and now the Cairns Museum at 93-105 Lake Street, Cairns City, Cairns, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Tunbridge, Tunbridge & Lynch and built from 1907 to 1941 by Hanson & Sons. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

James Cook Historical Museum is a heritage-listed former convent and school and now museum at Furneaux Street, Cooktown, Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1888 to 1889 Hobbs & Carter. It was formerly known as St Mary's Convent and School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Ipswich Girls' Grammar School Buildings is a heritage-listed group of private school buildings at Ipswich Girls' Grammar School, 82 Chermside Road, Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. They were built from 1891 to 1968. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "School House (entry 601029)". Queensland Heritage Register . Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
↑ "TOWNSVILLE GRAMMAR SCHOOL". The North Queensland Register . XIII (11). Queensland, Australia. 16 March 1903. p. 42. Retrieved 2 April 2017– via National Library of Australia.

Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

External links

Media related to School House, Townsville Grammar School at Wikimedia Commons

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[qhr-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "School House (entry 601029)". Queensland Heritage Register . Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.

[2] "TOWNSVILLE GRAMMAR SCHOOL". The North Queensland Register . XIII (11). Queensland, Australia. 16 March 1903. p. 42. Retrieved 2 April 2017– via National Library of Australia.

[1]

[2]