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Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas that have become sports in their own right. Indoor climbing, sport climbing, and bouldering are also considered variants of mountaineering by some, but are part of a wide group of mountain sports.
Friedrich Wolfgang Beckey, known as Fred Beckey, was an American rock climber, mountaineer and book author, who in seven decades of climbing achieved hundreds of first ascents of some of the tallest peaks and most important routes throughout Alaska, the Canadian Rockies and the Pacific Northwest. Among the Fifty Classic Climbs of North America, seven were established by Beckey, often climbing with some of the best known climbers of each generation.
Denali is the highest mountain peak in North America, with a summit elevation of 20,310 feet (6,190 m) above sea level. It is the tallest mountain in the world from base-to-peak on land, measuring 18,000 ft (5,500 m), and Earth's highest mountain north of 43°N. With a topographic prominence of 20,194 feet (6,155 m) and a topographic isolation of 4,621.1 miles (7,436.9 km), Denali is the third most prominent and third-most isolated peak on Earth, after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska, Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve.
Ice climbing is a climbing discipline that involves ascending routes consisting of frozen water. To ascend the route, the ice climber uses specialist equipment, particularly double ice axes and rigid crampons. To protect the route, the ice climber uses steel ice screws that require skill to employ safely and rely on the ice holding firm in any fall. Ice climbing routes can vary significantly by type, and include seasonally frozen waterfalls, high permanently frozen alpine couloirs, and large hanging icicles.
Anatoli Nikolaevich Boukreev was a Soviet and Kazakh mountaineer who made ascents of 10 of the 14 eight-thousander peaks—those above 8,000 m (26,247 ft)—without supplemental oxygen. From 1989 through 1997, he made 18 successful ascents of peaks above 8000 m.
The Bugaboos are a mountain range in the Purcell Mountains of eastern British Columbia, Canada. The granite spires of the group are a popular mountaineering destination. The Bugaboos are protected within Bugaboo Provincial Park.
Barry Blanchard is one of North America's top alpine climbers, noted for pushing the standards of highly technical, high-risk alpine climbing in the Canadian Rockies and the Himalayas.
Mark Twight is an American climber, writer and the founder of Gym Jones. He rose to prominence as a mountaineer in the late 1980s and early 1990s with a series of difficult, dangerous alpine climbs in various ranges around the world. His radical, light-weight approach to alpinism has seen him regarded as an influential figure in the single-push movement.
In mountaineering and climbing, enchainment is climbing two or more mountains or climbing routes on a mountain in one outing. Rock climbing two or more routes in this manner are also called a "link up" in the United States. Climbers may do an enchainment of easy routes as a way of training for a more difficult objective, but some enchainments of hard routes are a prize in their own right, a notable example being the great north faces of the Alps.
Steve House is an American professional alpinist and mountain guide, and winner of the 2006 Piolet d'Or.
Carlos Buhler is one of America's leading high altitude mountaineers. Buhler's specialty is high-standard mountaineering characterized by small teams, no oxygen, minimal gear and equipment, and relatively low amounts of funding; yielding first ascents of difficult routes in challenging conditions, such as the Himalayan winter season.
Mark Wilford is an American rock climber and alpinist known for his bold, traditional style.
Allen Parker Steck was an American mountaineer and rock climber.
Tomislav "Tomo" Česen is a Slovenian mountaineer who specializes in solo climbing ascents in the Alps and the Himalayas.
Yamnuska Mountain Adventures is a mountaineering school and mountain adventure company located in Canmore, Alberta, Canada. The company was founded in 1975.
Charlie Porter was an American mountaineer and climate change scientist. He is best known for his bold first ascents in Yosemite, Canada and Alaska; and his significant influence on other notable climbers and the climbing community, in part due to his creation and development of innovative climbing equipment. He has also garnered a reputation as an adventurer and geoscientist in South America.
Alex MacIntyre (1954–1982) was a British mountaineer in the 1970s. He is known for developing new climbing techniques that enabled ascents not previously accomplished.
Alpine climbing is a type of mountaineering that involves using any of a broad range of advanced climbing skills, including rock climbing, ice climbing, and/or mixed climbing, to summit typically large routes in an alpine environment. While alpine climbing began in the European Alps, it is used to refer to climbing in any remote mountainous area, including in the Himalayas and in Patagonia. The derived term alpine style refers to the fashion of alpine climbing to be in small lightly-equipped teams who carry all of their own equipment, and do all of the climbing.
Roger Baxter-Jones, was a British mountaineer, skier and alpine guide. He was an early pioneer in Himalayan alpine style ascents of eight-thousander mountains, and a guide in Chamonix, noted for his competence and vast experience. Paul Nunn wrote "One of Britain's leading mountaineers, a member of the ACG Committee for years, and certainly one of the strongest ever, he was a top off-piste skier, and a mountaineer of impeccable judgment, able to guide on routes of the highest standards with a considerable margin."
References
- ↑ Fallesen, Gary (Nov 6, 2003). "Inner drive pushes climber to THE TOP". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle . Rochester, New York . Retrieved March 13, 2011.
- ↑ Kearney, Alan (1993). Mountaineering in Patagonia. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-938567-30-1.
- 1 2 3 4 Twight, Mark (2002). Kiss Or Kill: Confessions of a Serial Climber. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 978-0-89886-887-6.
- ↑ Selters, Andrew (2004). Ways to the sky: a historical guide to North American mountaineering. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 978-0-930410-83-4.
- ↑ Scott, Chic (2000). Pushing the limits: the story of Canadian mountaineering . Rocky Mountain Books Ltd. p. 409. ISBN 978-0-921102-59-5.
Scott Backes.
- ↑ Coffey, Maria (2005). Where the Mountain Casts Its Shadow: The Dark Side of Extreme Adventure. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-0-312-33901-2.
- ↑ Twight, Mark (1999). "Cordillera Real, Various Ascents". American Alpine Journal . Golden, Colorado: The Mountaineers Books and the American Alpine Club. 41 (73): 199–200.
- ↑ Backes, Scott (2001). "Mt. McKinley's Slovak Route". American Alpine Journal . Seattle: The Mountaineers Books and American Alpine Club. 43 (75): 48–57. ISBN 9781933056487 . Retrieved March 12, 2011.
- ↑ Sertori, Mario (2004). Cascate. Alpi Centrali. Lombardia e Svizzera. Italy: BLU Edizioni. p. 51. ISBN 978-88-87417-95-1.