Sean Carleton is a settler historian who specializes in the history and political economy of colonialism, capitalism, and education in Canada. [1] Carleton holds BA and MA degrees in History from Simon Fraser University and a Ph.D. from the Frost Centre for Canadian Studies and Indigenous Studies from Trent University. He currently teaches in History and Indigenous Studies at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba. [2]
Carleton's research focuses on the history of settler capitalism and schooling in Canada, with a particular emphasis on the development of the residential school system. His writing also addresses the rise of residential school denialism and its implications for reconciliation in Canada. [3] He discusses the role of public schools in supporting settler colonialism and offers insights into the history of Indian Day Schools. Other themes of his writing include Indigenous resistance, historical perspectives on colonial strategies, and reflections on significant events in Canadian history, such as the Idle No More movement, Red Power movement, Oka Crisis and the legacy of residential schools and the Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples. [3]
His publications include the book "Lessons in Legitimacy: Colonialism, Capitalism, and the Rise of State Schooling in British Columbia," which was published in 2022. [4] Some of his peer-reviewed articles cover topics like residential school denialism, Indigenous students in public schools, and the support for missionary schooling in British Columbia. He has also written about comics and their relation to critical consciousness and colonialism. [5] . With Katsi'tsakwas Ellen Gabriel, he is the co-author of "When the Pine Needles Fall: Indigenous Acts of Resistance," which was published in 2024.
Carleton has contributed to reports and research notes about settler colonialism and media coverage of residential school denialism. He has been involved in graphic books that address historical struggles, including the Winnipeg General Strike and protest movements in Canada. [5] He has written review articles that discuss graphic publications and their impact on understanding violence and racism in Canadian history. He has also published various book reviews on works related to Indigenous education and reconciliation. [5]
Genocide denial is the attempt to deny or minimize the scale and severity of an instance of genocide. Denial is an integral part of genocide and includes the secret planning of genocide, propaganda while the genocide is going on, and destruction of evidence of mass killings. According to genocide researcher Gregory Stanton, denial "is among the surest indicators of further genocidal massacres".
Dammed: The Politics of Loss and Survival in Anishinaabe Territory is a 2020 book by Brittany Luby, Associate Professor of History at the University of Guelph. The book charts the impacts of the damming of the Winnipeg River in the Lake of the Woods region on the local Anishinaabe population, focusing in particular on the Dalles 38C reserve located downstream from Kenora, Ontario.
Calvin Murray Sinclair was a Canadian politician who was a member of the Senate, and a First Nations lawyer who served as chairman of the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 2009 to 2015.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was a truth and reconciliation commission active in Canada from 2008 to 2015, organized by the parties of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement.
Settler colonialism is a logic and structure of displacement by settlers, using colonial rule, over an environment for replacing it and its indigenous peoples with settlements and the society of the settlers.
David Alexander Robertson is a Canadian author and public speaker from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He has published over 25 books across a variety of genres and is a two-time winner of the Governor General's Literary Award His first novel, The Evolution of Alice, was published in 2014. Robertson is a member of the Norway House Cree Nation.
Chelsea Vowel, who often writes as âpihtawikosisân, is a Métis writer, professor, and lawyer from near Lac Ste. Anne, Alberta, whose work focuses on language, gender identity, and cultural resurgence. She has been published in the Huffington Post, The National Post, and The Globe and Mail. Co-host of the podcast Métis in Space and runner of the IndigenousXca Twitter account, Vowel has been noted as a "prominent and respected Métis blogger" and "one of the most visible of [the] new generation" of Métis intellectuals.
Elsie Paul is an Elder and knowledge keeper of the Tla'amin (Sliammon) Nation, located on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Paul is a residential school survivor and one of the few living people to speak the Tla'amin language fluently. Paul holds an honorary Doctorate degree from the Vancouver Island University and has co-authored a book, Written as I Remember it: Teachings From the Life of a Sliammon Elder. This work was later released in an open access, multimedia, digital edition. Paul's traditional name is Qazustala's, which translates as, "a welcoming person with a wealth of knowledge, someone who shares her culture".
Glen Sean Coulthard is a Canadian scholar of Indigenous studies who serves as an associate professor in the political science department at the University of British Columbia. A member of the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, he is also a co-founder, educator, and on the board of directors at Dechinta: Centre for Research and Learning. He is best known for his 2014 book, Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition, which has been released in both English and French.
Michelle Good is a Cree writer, poet, and lawyer from Canada, most noted for her debut novel Five Little Indians. She is a member of the Red Pheasant Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. Good has an MFA and a law degree from the University of British Columbia and, as a lawyer, advocated for residential-school survivors.
Settler colonialism in Canada refers to the process and effects of colonization on the Indigenous peoples of Canada. As colonization progressed, Indigenous peoples were subject to policies of forced assimilation and cultural genocide. Governments in Canada in many cases ignored or chose to deny the aboriginal title of First Nations. The traditional governance of many of the First Nations was replaced with government-imposed structures. Many Indigenous cultural practices were banned.
The connection between colonialism and genocide has been explored in academic research. According to historian Patrick Wolfe, "[t]he question of genocide is never far from discussions of settler colonialism." Historians have commented that although colonialism does not necessarily directly involve genocide, research suggests that the two share a connection.
Five Little Indians is the debut novel by Cree Canadian writer Michelle Good, published in 2020 by Harper Perennial. The novel focuses on five survivors of the Canadian Indian residential school system, struggling to rebuild their lives in Vancouver, British Columbia after the end of their time in the residential schools. It also explores the love and strength that can emerge after trauma.
Denial of genocides of Indigenous peoples consists of a claim that has denied any of the multiple genocides and atrocity crimes, which have been committed against Indigenous peoples. The denialism claim contradicts the academic consensus, which acknowledges that genocide was committed. The claim is a form of denialism, genocide denial, historical negationism and historical revisionism. The atrocity crimes include genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and ethnic cleansing.
Land-based education centres land as the primary teacher, as Indigenous communities' knowledge systems are inseparable from their lands. Land-based education is place-specific, grounded in culture, and aims to strengthen Indigenous communities by reviving their reciprocal relationships with their lands through the practice of their land-based traditions. These programs can have many goals, the main one being to transmit knowledge to future generations. Land-based education programs cannot be easily replicated elsewhere, as they are meant to be grounded in the cultural roots tied to a place and the community that has stewarded those lands since time immemorial. However, they can inspire other communities to develop their own land-based education programs or projects. That being said, there are many commonalities among land-based education pedagogies. They often involve mentorship from community leaders and knowledge keepers, youth are encouraged to participate, and they emphasize using traditional languages and Subsistence practices. Land-based education can be small or large scale. In the words of Yellowknives Dene scholar, Glen Coulthard, examples of land-based education include but are not limited to: "'walking the land' in an effort to re-familiarize ourselves with the landscapes and places that give our histories, languages, and cultures shape and content; to revitalizing and engaging in land-based harvesting practices like hunting, fishing, and gathering, and/or cultural production activities like hide-tanning and carving, all of which also serve to assert our sovereign presence on our territories in ways that can be profoundly educational and empowering; to the re-occupation of sacred places for the purposes of relearning and practicing our ceremonial activities."
Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies is a 2016 book by Sarah Carter, professor of history at the University of Alberta. The book documents the history of female homesteaders on the Canadian Prairies and the relationship between that history and Canadian colonialism.
Apologies to Indigenous peoples refer to apologies extended by political leaders or representatives, acting on behalf of a political entity or nation, to acknowledge and express remorse for some historical wrong.
The historiography of Indigenous genocide is the study of how these type of genocides have been documented and interpreted by historians throughout the colonial age up to today.
Throughout the history of Canada, the Canadian government have been accused of many atrocities variously described as ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, ethnocide and genocide, against the Indigenous peoples in Canada. There is debate among scholars about the designation used and if the term genocide even applies to Canada's experience.
Andrew Woolford is a sociology professor at the University of Manitoba and a former president of the International Association of Genocide Scholars. His research focuses on genocide studies, particularly cultural destruction of Indigenous Peoples. He has held various academic positions and received numerous awards for his contributions to genocide scholarship.