Depretis II government | |
---|---|
16th Cabinet of Italy | |
Date formed | 26 December 1877 |
Date dissolved | 24 March 1878 |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Victor Emmanuel II Umberto I |
Head of government | Agostino Depretis |
Total no. of members | 10 |
Member party | Historical Left |
History | |
Predecessor | Depretis I Cabinet |
Successor | Cairoli I Cabinet |
The Depretis II government of Italy held office from 26 December 1877 until 24 March 1878, a total of 88 days, or 2 months and 26 days. [1]
The government was composed by the following parties:
Party | Ideology | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
Historical Left | Liberalism | Agostino Depretis |
Office | Name | Party | Term | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Agostino Depretis | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of the Interior | Francesco Crispi | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Agostino Depretis | Historical Left | (1878–1878) | ||
Minister of Foreign Affairs | Agostino Depretis | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of Grace and Justice | Pasquale Stanislao Mancini | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of Finance | Agostino Magliani | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of Treasury | Angelo Bargoni | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of War | Luigi Mezzacapo | Military | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of the Navy | Benedetto Brin | Military | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce | Salvatore Majorana Calatabiano | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of Public Works | Francesco Paolo Perez | Historical Left | (1877–1878) | |
Minister of Public Education | Michele Coppino | Historical Left | (1877–1878) |
Giuseppe Zanardelli was an Italian jurist and political figure. He served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 15 February 1901 to 3 November 1903. An eloquent orator, he was also a Grand Master freemason. Zanardelli, representing the bourgeoisie from Lombardy, personified the classical 19th-century liberalism, committed to suffrage expansion, anticlericalism, civil liberties, free trade and laissez-faire economics. Throughout his long political career, he was among the most ardent advocates of freedom of conscience and divorce.
Francesco Crispi was an Italian patriot and statesman. He was among the main protagonists of the Risorgimento, a close friend and supporter of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi, and one of the architects of Italian unification in 1860. Crispi served as Prime Minister of Italy for six years, from 1887 to 1891, and again from 1893 to 1896, and was the first prime minister from Southern Italy. Crispi was internationally famous and often mentioned along with world statesmen such as Otto von Bismarck, William Ewart Gladstone, and Lord Salisbury.
Agostino Depretis was an Italian statesman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Italy for several stretches between 1876 and 1887, and was leader of the Historical Left parliamentary group for more than a decade. He is the fourth-longest serving Prime Minister in Italian history, after Benito Mussolini, Giovanni Giolitti and Silvio Berlusconi, and at the time of his death he was the longest-served. Depretis is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history.
Giuseppe Saracco was an Italian politician, financier, and Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation.
Cesare Correnti was an Italian revolutionary and politician.
Etsi Nos was a papal encyclical promulgated by Pope Leo XIII in 1882 denouncing the way in which post-unification Italy denigrated the role of the Church, which it blamed primarily on Freemasonry:
"It is even reported that this year it is about to receive the deputies and leaders of the sect which is most embittered against Catholicism, who have appointed this city as the place for their solemn meeting. The reasons which have determined their choice of such a meeting place are no secret; they desire by this outrageous provocation to glut the hatred which they nourish against the Church, and to bring their incendiary torches within reach of the Roman Pontificate by attacking it in its very seat."
General elections were held in Italy on 5 November, with a second round of voting on 12 November.
General elections were held in Italy on 23 May 1886, with a second round of voting on 30 May. The "ministerial" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 292 of the 508 seats. As in 1882, the elections were held using small multi-member constituencies of between two and five seats.
The Right group, later called Historical Right by historians to distinguish it from the right-wing groups of the 20th century, was an Italian conservative parliamentary group during the second half of the 19th century. After 1876, the Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the left governments. It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left. The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from British-American individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.
The Left group, later called Historical Left by historians to distinguish it from the left-wing groups of the 20th century, was a liberal and reformist parliamentary group in Italy during the second half of the 19th century. The members of the Left were also known as Democrats or Ministerials. The Left was the dominant political group in the Kingdom of Italy from the 1870s until its dissolution in the early 1910s.
The Dictatorship of Garibaldi or Dictatorial Government of Sicily was the provisional executive that Giuseppe Garibaldi appointed to govern the territory of Sicily during the Expedition of the Thousand in 1860. It governed in opposition to the Bourbons of Naples.
The Depretis I government of Italy held office from 25 March 1876 until 25 December 1877, a total of 650 days, or 1 year and 9 months.
The Depretis III government of Italy held office from 19 December 1878 until 14 July 1879, a total of 207 days, or 6 months and 25 days.
The Depretis IV government of Italy held office from 29 May 1881 until 25 May 1883, a total of 726 days, or 1 year, 11 months and 26 days.
The Depretis V government of Italy held office from 25 May 1883 until 30 March 1884, a total of 310 days, or 10 months and 5 days.
The Depretis VI government of Italy held office from 30 March 1884 until 29 June 1885, a total of 310 days, or 1 year, 2 months and 30 days.
The Depretis VII government of Italy held office from 29 June 1885 until 4 April 1887, a total of 644 days, or 1 year, 9 months and 6 days.
The Depretis VIII government of Italy held office from 4 April 1887 until 29 July 1887, a total of 116 days, or 3 months and 25 days.
The Minister of War of Italy, was the minister responsible for the Ministry of War, which in turn oversaw the Royal Italian Army under the Kingdom of Italy between 1861 and 1946 and the Italian Army under the Italian Republic from 1946 to 1947. The position was abolished in 1947 when the Ministry of War, Ministry of the Navy, and Ministry of Aeronautics were merged to form the Ministry of Defence under the oversight of the new position of Minister of Defence.