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In 1940, there were 156 schools in New Zealand offering secondary education: 39 secondary schools, 96 district high schools, and 21 technical high schools.[1]
In 1944, the school leaving age was raised from 14 to 15. At the same time, a gradual move started away from separate secondary schools and technical high schools toward comprehensive secondary schools serving both, and district high schools started falling out of favour to separate secondary schools. Combined with the post-World War II baby boom, the number of secondary students swelled and a large number of new secondary schools had to be built. To save construction time and costs, most secondary schools built in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s were built to standard plans.
By 1960, the number of secondary students had tripled from 39,000 to 140,000,[2] and the number of secondary schools had increased to 239, comprising 102 secondary schools, 96 district high schools, and 41 technical high schools.[1] By 1980, there were 265 secondary schools and 35 district high schools, with technical high schools having been completely phased out.[1]
In 1989, the school leaving age was raised to the present age of 16. Also in 1989, the Tomorrow's Schools reform was implemented, moving the governance of secondary schools from district education boards to individual school communities through elected boards of trustees.
Types of school
There are three types of school: state, private (or registered or independent) and state integrated schools. State and state integrated schools are government funded. Private schools receive about 25% of their funding from the government,[3] and rely on tuition fees for the rest. State integrated schools are former private schools which are now "integrated" into the state system under the Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975[4] "on a basis which will preserve and safeguard the special character of the education provided by them". According to Ministry of Education statistics, of the 284,052 secondary students (Years 9–15) enrolled in New Zealand schools at 1 July 2012, 81.6 percent (231,817) attend state schools, 12.6 percent (35,924) attend state integrated schools, and 5.7 percent (16,230) attend private schools.[5]
Many private schools, state area schools and state integrated schools take students from Years 0 to 13, or Years 7 to 13.
State school enrollment schemes
For state schools, the Education Amendment Act 2000 puts in place a new "system for determining enrollment of students in circumstances where a school has reached its roll capacity and needs to avoid overcrowding." Schools which operate enrolment schemes have a geographically defined "home zone". Residence in this zone, or in the school's boarding house, if it has one, gives right of entry to the School. Students who live outside the school's home zone can be admitted, if there are places available, in the following order of priority: special programmes; siblings of currently enrolled students; siblings of past students; children of board employees; all other students. If there are more applications than available places then selection must be through a ballot, which is randomly selected.
Critics have suggested that the system is fundamentally unfair as it restricts the choice for parents to choose schools and schools to choose their students. In addition, there is evidence that property values surrounding some more desirable schools become inflated, thus restricting the ability of lowers socio-economic groups to purchase a house in the zone.[6]
NCEA has three levels, one for each of the last three years of secondary school. It contains a mix of internal and external assessments. NCEA replaced the old School Certificate, Sixth Form Certificate and Bursary systems.
University Entrance, based on NCEA results, allows entrance to New Zealand universities. New Zealand Scholarship is a qualification pitched at students within the top stanine level.
Strictly speaking, no fees need to be paid for education at a state school provided the student is a New Zealand citizen or permanent resident, or an Australian citizen. However, most schools also ask for a "voluntary donation" from parents, informally known as "school fees" or a "parental contribution".
Trades unions
The Post Primary Teachers' Association (PPTA) is the largest trade union in secondary education in New Zealand with 18,000 teaching staff employed in state and state integrated secondary schools being members.[7]
Independent Schools Education Association (ISEA) is the union for teaching and non-teaching staff in New Zealand independent (private) schools.[8]
The education system in New Zealand implements a three-tier model which includes primary and intermediate schools, followed by secondary schools and by tertiary education at universities and polytechnics. The academic year in New Zealand varies between institutions, but generally runs from early February until mid-December for primary schools, late January to late November or early December for secondary schools and polytechnics, and from late February until mid-November for universities.
Auckland Grammar School is a state, day and boarding secondary school for boys in Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand. It was established in 1869.
A state school or public school is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. Such schools are funded in whole or in part by taxation.
The National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) is the official secondary-school qualification in New Zealand. Phased in between 2002 and 2004, it replaced three older secondary-school qualifications. The New Zealand Qualifications Authority administers NCEA.
Cashmere High School is a state coeducational secondary school, located in southern Christchurch, New Zealand. It was opened in 1956 in response to population growth in southern Christchurch during the 1950s.
Wainuiomata High School, a state co-educational secondary school, operates in Wainuiomata, a suburb of Lower Hutt in New Zealand. The school was founded in January 2002 from the merger of Wainuiomata College and Parkway College. A total of 617 students from Years 9 to 13 attended the school as of April 2023.
Papakura High School (PHS) is a co-educational state secondary school based in the Auckland suburb of Papakura in New Zealand, catering for students from Year 9 to Year 13.
Ashburton College is a state coeducational secondary school located in Ashburton, New Zealand. It opened in 1965 following the merger of two Ashburton secondary schools: Ashburton High School and Hakatere College, and moved to its current site in 1974. Serving Years 9 to 13, Ashburton College has a roll of 1263 students as of April 2023.
School fees in New Zealand is a term referring to monetary payments by parents or guardians to their child's school.
St. John's College is a State Integrated, Catholic, Day School for boys, located in Hastings, a provincial city in Hawkes Bay, New Zealand.
Wentworth College is a private secondary college in Gulf Harbour, in the Auckland region of New Zealand. Wentworth Primary is a private primary school which shares the site.
Christchurch Adventist School (CAS) is a co-educational composite school in Papanui suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. It is owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
In the New Zealand education system, decile was a key measure of socioeconomic status used to target funding and support schools. In academic contexts the full term "socioeconomic decile" or "socioeconomic decile band" was used.
Botany Downs Secondary College is a state coeducational secondary school located in the Auckland, New Zealand suburb of East Tamaki. The school opened at the beginning of the 2004 school year to serve new residential development in the eastern Auckland area. Serving Years 9 to 13, the school has a roll of approximately 1743 students.
Naenae College, is a state-run coeducational secondary school located in north-central Lower Hutt, New Zealand. It is situated on a 12-hectare (30-acre) site in the suburb of Avalon. The school was founded in 1953 to serve the Naenae state housing development, although the school is located in the suburb of Avalon.
In New Zealand, a state-integrated school is a former private school which has integrated into the state education system under the Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975, becoming a state school while retaining its special character. State-integrated schools were established by the Third Labour Government in the early 1970s as a response to the near-collapse of the country's then private Catholic school system, which had run into financial difficulties.
Rangiora New Life School is a state-integrated Christian area School situated in Southbrook, Rangiora, New Zealand. It was established in 1979 as a private school and integrated into the state education system in March 1994. The school has a roll of 452 students from years 1 to 13 as of April 2023, many of whom are not of religious conviction. The current principal is Stephen Walters.
↑ "About PPTA". Post Primary Teachers' Association. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
Guide to Schooling in New Zealand—covers primary, intermediate and secondary schooling. Provided by the Ministry of Education of the New Zealand Government
Education Review Office (ERO)—Reports on every school which include statistical data such as overall roll, parental income, and gender and ethnic composition, as well as assessment of areas of strength and areas for improvement. Provided by the Education Review Office
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