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The Cherokee people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century,they were concentrated in their homelands,in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern North Carolina,southeastern Tennessee,southwestern Virginia,edges of western South Carolina,northern Georgia and northeastern Alabama consisting of around 40,000 square miles.
Craig County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census,the population was 14,107. Its county seat is Vinita. The county was organized in 1907,shortly before statehood,and named for Granville Craig,a prominent Cherokee farmer who lived in the Bluejacket area.
The term Five Civilized Tribes was applied by the United States government in the early federal period of the history of the United States to the five major Native American nations in the Southeast:the Cherokee,Chickasaw,Choctaw,Muscogee (Creek),and Seminoles. White Americans classified them as "civilized" because they had adopted attributes of the Anglo-American culture.
Diane Edith Watson is a former American politician who served as US Representative for California's 33rd congressional district,serving from 2003 until 2011,after first being elected in the 32nd District in a 2001 special election. She is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is located entirely in Los Angeles County and includes much of Central Los Angeles,as well as such wealthy neighborhoods as Los Feliz.
Wilma Pearl Mankiller was a Native American activist,social worker,community developer and the first woman elected to serve as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation. Born in Tahlequah,Oklahoma,she lived on her family's allotment in Adair County,Oklahoma,until the age of 11,when her family relocated to San Francisco as part of a federal government program to urbanize Indigenous Americans. After high school,she married a well-to-do Ecuadorian and raised two daughters. Inspired by the social and political movements of the 1960s,Mankiller became involved in the Occupation of Alcatraz and later participated in the land and compensation struggles with the Pit River Tribe. For five years in the early 1970s,she was employed as a social worker,focusing mainly on children's issues.
Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith is a Native American politician and attorney who served as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation. He was first elected in 1999. Smith was re-elected to a second term as Chief in 2003 and a third term in June 2007 with 59% of the vote. He was defeated in his attempt to get elected to a fourth term in office by Bill John Baker 54% to 46% in the 2011 election and he lost again to Baker in 2015,receiving 28% of the vote. Prior to being elected Principal Chief,he worked as a lawyer for the tribe and in private practice.
The Cherokee Nation,formerly known as the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma,is the largest of three federally recognized tribes of Cherokees in the United States. It includes people descended from members of the Old Cherokee Nation who relocated,due to increasing pressure,from the Southeast to Indian Territory and Cherokees who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen and Natchez Nation. As of 2024,over 466,000 people were enrolled in the Cherokee Nation.
The Cherokee Freedmen controversy was a political and tribal dispute between the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma and descendants of the Cherokee Freedmen regarding the issue of tribal membership. The controversy had resulted in several legal proceedings between the two parties from the late 20th century to August 2017.
David Cornsilk is a professional genealogist and served as the managing editor of the Cherokee Observer,an online news website founded in 1992. He founded of the grassroots Cherokee National Party in the 1990s,seeking to create a movement to promote the Nation as a political entity. While working as a full-time store clerk at Petsmart,he "took on America’s second-largest Indian tribe,the Cherokee Nation,in what led to a landmark tribal decision. Cornsilk served as a lay advocate,which permits non-lawyers to try cases before the Cherokee Nation’s highest court." Cornsilk had worked for the nation as a tribal enrollment research analyst and for the Bureau of Indian Affairs as a genealogical researcher. He also has his own genealogical firm. He ran in the 2023 Cherokee Nation principal chief election. He lost the election to incumbent principal chief Chuck Hoskin Jr.
Dennis Wolf Bushyhead was a leader in the Cherokee Nation after they had removed to Indian Territory. Born into the Wolf Clan,he was elected as Principal Chief,serving two terms,from 1879 to 1887.
The Choctaw Freedmen are former enslaved Africans,Afro-Indigenous,and African Americans who were emancipated and granted citizenship in the Choctaw Nation after the Civil War,according to the tribe's new peace treaty of 1866 with the United States. The term also applies to their contemporary descendants.
On the eve of the American Civil War in 1861,a significant number of Indigenous peoples of the Americas had been relocated from the Southeastern United States to Indian Territory,west of the Mississippi. The inhabitants of the eastern part of the Indian Territory,the Five Civilized Tribes,were suzerain nations with established tribal governments,well established cultures,and legal systems that allowed for slavery. Before European Contact these tribes were generally matriarchial societies,with agriculture being the primary economic pursuit. The bulk of the tribes lived in towns with planned streets,residential and public areas. The people were ruled by complex hereditary chiefdoms of varying size and complexity with high levels of military organization.
Chuck Hoskin Jr. is a Cherokee Nation politician and attorney currently serving as the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation since 2019. He was re-elected to a second term in the 2023 Cherokee Nation principal chief election.
Shawna S. Baker,a Native American lawyer,citizen of the Cherokee Nation,is the third woman and the first out,two-spirit,lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer person (LGBTQ+) to be appointed a justice on the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court. Baker is also on the Chuck Hoskin Jr.,Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation,Domestic Violence Task Force which was launched in 2021,and on the Cherokee Nation Health Services’Ending the HIV Epidemic Committee. She is an advisor to Indian Health Services and on the Ending the HIV Epidemic Committee in Northwest Portland,Oregon,USA. Other roles include being a distinguished alumna in residence at the University of Tulsa College of Law,managing attorney of Family Legacy and Wealth Counsel,PLLC,and a trustee of Oklahomans for Equality in Tulsa,Oklahoma.
Frankie Darlene Hargis was a Cherokee politician who served as the registrar of the Cherokee Nation from 2018 to 2021. She was previously a member of the tribal council representing District 7 from 2011 to 2018.
Tina Glory-Jordan is a Cherokee jurist and former politician serving as a justice of the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court since 2023. She was previously the secretary of state from 2019 to 2023. Glory-Jordan was a tribal councilor for district 1 from 2007 to 2015 during which time she was elected speaker of the council.
The secretary of state of the Cherokee Nation is a cabinet-level position within the executive branch of the Cherokee Nation government. This role is appointed by the Principal Chief and confirmed by the Tribal Council.
Taralee Montgomery is a Cherokee government official serving as a deputy secretary of state of the Cherokee Nation since 2023.
Tralynna Sherrill Scott is a Cherokee lawyer and economist serving concurrently as the chief economist of Cherokee Nation Businesses and the Cherokee Nation special envoy to the U.S. Department of the Treasury since 2021. She was previously the Cherokee Nation Treasurer from 2019 to 2021.
Marilyn Vann is a Cherokee Nation engineer and activist recognized as the first citizen of Freedmen descent to be appointed to a government commission within the Cherokee Nation. She has served on the Cherokee Nation Environmental Protection Commission since 2021.
References
- ↑ "Our Fellows". African American Leadership Academy. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
- 1 2 Osborne, Deon (2024-02-20). "Cherokee Nation leads reconciliation with Freedmen descendants". Black Wall Street Times. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
- 1 2 3 4 "Second-term cabinet nominees announced". cherokeephoenix.org. 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Bishop-Baldwin, Sharon (2020-10-02). "Women to Watch: Shella Bowlin has a plan for success". Tulsa World. Retrieved 2024-09-14.