Shop right

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Shop right, in United States patent law, is an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense. Even if the employee never assigned rights to the firm, a court of law may find that the firm has the right to make use of the invention, and thus can not be sued by the employee for patent infringement. This will allow the firm to attempt to capitalize on the value of the patent, as the firm is allowed to use the object of the patent in the routine operation of its business without royalty payments. Shop right is non-transferable. It only inures to the benefit of the employer and can not be sold by that employer to an unrelated party, except in a sale of the business as a whole.

In circumstances where a written agreement is not in place between employer and employee, the employee may hold title to the intellectual property rights as an inventor. In these circumstances, a shop right may apply. The shop right is a common law doctrine founded in equitable principles that allows an employer to use the employee's invention without payment to the employee if that invention was made using the employer's time, materials, facilities, or equipment. [1] Unfortunately for employers, shop rights being an equitable right are non-transferable, so an employer holding shop rights may not transfer those rights via license or assignment, such as, for example, if the employer were to be purchased or acquired at some later date. Accordingly, this makes having only shop rights an undesirable position for most employers. [2]

However, compare this to the Hired-to-Invent Doctrine which is a state-law specific doctrine that may provide chain of title to the employer. In instances where there is no written agreement between employer and employee as to patent rights, the "hired to invent" doctrine may save an otherwise unprepared employer. Of course, absent an assignment, employment agreement, or other written document, the employee presumptively owns any inventions, even those developed during the course of employment. This rule comes as a surprise to many business owners and even some attorneys. The "hired to invent" doctrine is embedded in contract law, so state law applies when adjudicating the "hired to invent" doctrine. [2]

Related Research Articles

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Trade secrets are a type of intellectual property that comprise formulas, practices, processes, designs, instruments, patterns, or compilations of information that have inherent economic value because they are not generally known or readily ascertainable by others, and which the owner takes reasonable measures to keep secret. In some jurisdictions, such secrets are referred to as confidential information.

In the copyright law of the United States, a work made for hire is a work subject to copyright that is created by an employee as part of their job, or some limited types of works for which all parties agree in writing to the WFH designation. Work for hire is a statutorily defined term, so a work for hire is not created merely because parties to an agreement state that the work is a work for hire. It is an exception to the general rule that the person who actually creates a work is the legally recognized author of that work. According to copyright law in the United States and certain other copyright jurisdictions, if a work is "made for hire", the employer—not the employee—is considered the legal author. In some countries, this is known as corporate authorship. The entity serving as an employer may be a corporation or other legal entity, an organization, or an individual.

United Kingdom labour law Labour rights in the UK

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Employment Relations Act 2000

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Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., 563 U.S. 776 (2011), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that title in a patented invention vests first in the inventor, even if the inventor is a researcher at a federally funded lab subject to the 1980 Bayh–Dole Act. The judges affirmed the common understanding of U.S. constitutional law that inventors originally own inventions they make, and contractual obligations to assign those rights to third parties are secondary.

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References

  1. ↑ "Lariscey v. US, 949 F. 2d 1137 (Fed. Cir. 1991)". Google Scholar. Google. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  2. 1 2 "Patent ownership". NK Patent Law. Retrieved 2016-01-02.


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