Siege of Brescia | |||||||
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Part of the Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Holy Roman Empire Empire of Nicaea | Brescian Guelphs (Lombard League) | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Frederick II | Oberto de Iniquitate [1] |
The siege of Brescia occurred in 1238. After his victory the previous year at the battle of Cortenuova, Emperor Frederick sought to bring about the unconditional surrender of the city of Milan and its allies. Assembling his army in Verona in April 1238, which included a contingent of Nicene troops dispatched by Emperor John III, he decided to besiege the Guelf town of Brescia. Emperor Frederick began the siege on 11 July 1238 and it lasted until a successful sortie by the city's defenders in early October forced him to lift the siege. [2]
Year 1238 (MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1155 (MCLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1190 (MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1162 (MCLXII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Frederick II was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of Emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and Queen Constance of Sicily of the Hauteville dynasty.
Amadeus IV was Count of Savoy from 1233 to 1253.
John III Doukas Vatatzes, Latinized as Ducas Vatatzes, was Emperor of Nicaea from 1221 to 1254. He was succeeded by his son, known as Theodore II Laskaris.
The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
The Lombard League was an alliance of cities formed in 1167, and supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to establish direct royal administrative control over the cities of the Kingdom of Italy after many decades of de-facto local self-governance.
The Battle of Cortenuova was fought on 27 November 1237 in the course of the Guelphs and Ghibellines Wars: in it, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeated the Second Lombard League.
Collebeato is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. It is located on the right bank of the river Mella, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Brescia.
Leopold I, called The Glorious, was Duke of Austria and Styria – as co-ruler with his elder brother Frederick the Fair – from 1308 until his death. A member of the House of Habsburg, he was the third son of Albert I of Germany and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol, a scion of the Meinhardiner dynasty.
Konrad von Hochstaden was Archbishop of Cologne from 1238 to 1261.
Enzo was an illegitimate son of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, who appointed him 'King of Sardinia' in 1238. He played a major role in the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines in the Imperial kingdom of Italy, and was captured by his enemies in 1249. He remained imprisoned in Bologna until his death.
The siege of Viterbo was fought in 1243 between the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the rebellious city of Viterbo, 50 km north of Rome.
The siege of Faenza occurred from August 1240 to April 14, 1241, during the course of the wars of the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. In this military confrontation, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II aggressively laid siege to the town of Faenza and successfully captured the city.
Henry I, a member of the House of Ascania, was Count of Anhalt from 1212 and the first ruling Anhalt prince from 1218 until his death.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Brescia in the Lombardy region of Italy.
Heinrich of Meissen was Bishop of Meissen from December 1228 to his death.
Manfred IILancia or Lança, was the eldest son of Manfred I and nominally margrave of Busca. He became an Imperial Vicar and a faithful follower of Frederick II.
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