Siege of Jama | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658) | |||||||||
![]() Engraving of Jama from the 17th century | |||||||||
| |||||||||
Belligerents | |||||||||
![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||||
Units involved | |||||||||
![]() ![]() | Unknown | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
Garrison A few dozen men Relief force 800 cavalry and infantry 4 guns | 1,260–1,500 men 4 guns | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
14 killed | 200 killed or 2 killed and 1 wounded [1] |
The siege of Jama occurred from January to March 1658, when a Russian force besieged the town, eventually being repulsed by a Swedish relief force led by Christer Horn consisting of 800 men and 4 cannons.
Following orders, Ivan Khovansky continued raiding operations in Ingria, but had no intentions of limiting himself to easier targets. At first, he decided to take Wask-Narva, however, when he arrived there, he found that it had been abandoned, and instead left a garrison of 500 men and went to Jama. [2]
On 21 January 1657, three Russian forces converged on Jama. Khovansky dispatched Prince Mikhail Shchetinin with a force of 270 Don cossacks, 90 Pskov cossacks, and 200 new formation cavalry, being ordered to link up with another corps from Pskov led by Danila Neplyuyev, who was apparently already at Jama. [3] [2]
Prince Grigoriy Kurakin, the commander of the Novgorod Army, sent Prince Vasiliy Solntsev from Novgorod with a corps of old-style cavalry, 300 Moscow streltsy, and 400 troops to Jama as well. [3]
Upon their arrival, the three forces, which had also brought with them four cannons, immediately besieged Jama. The Swedish garrison in total only consisted of a Lieutenant and a handful of soldiers. In early February, Solntsev successfully stormed Jama, forcing the defenders to withdraw into the castle keep, which was the only part of the town remaining in their control. [3] [2]
The Russians began bombarding the defenders with the four artillery pieces they had brought. Already after a few days, the Russian force divided itself, some remained at Jama, and another one went to Kattila, four miles from Jama. [2]
Despite their situation, the garrison managed to hold the castle for a month. The Russians had earlier received orders to avoid wasting time on sieges, so several Russian units were dispatched to continue raiding while the others stayed at Jama. These operations consequently meant that the Russians controlled most of western Ingria, and Sweden only held Narva, Ivangorod, Koporye, and Jama. [4] [2] At the end of January, a part of the Russian force at Jama had withdrawn, and some 1,500 men remained according to Swedish estimates. [2]
In early March, Christer Horn got reports that the Swedes at Jama still held the keep, but were facing a shortage of gunpowder, he most likely also learnt that the Swedes had repulsed Russian storming attempts of the keep six times, and that the defenders had begun negotiations for their surrender. As a result, Horn quickly issued orders for the dispatch of a relief force. Since he was aware that Russian agents regularly received information from Narva, he ordered the city gates to remain closed while preparations went on. [5] [6]
In the evening, as soon as the Swedish preparations were finished, Christer Horn marched of Narva with a force of 800 cavalry and infantry, along with four cannons. [5] [7] [8] Marching through the night, the Swedish relief force launched a surprise attack on the besieging Russians early in the morning, forcing the Russians to disperse, thus abandoning the siege. [5] [2] Horn also captured 300 horses and freed some civilian captives. [7] The Russians lost 200 men, while Horn only lost some 14 dragoons. [9]
The commander at Jama had planned on surrendering on the very same day, only at noon. Either Horn's timing had been lucky, or he had been kept informed about the negotiations and thus planned the relief expedition on the day of the planned surrender and when the Russians were confident in their success, and less likely to be vigilant. [5]
Before Horn departed to Narva, he brought in additional gunpowder and reinforced the garrison with 40 soldiers and twwo artillerymen. Following the successful relief expedition, Russia withdrew most of the raiders from Jama in early March, along with executing all of their prisoners. [5] [7] [2]
The Battle of Narva on 30 November [O.S. 19 November] 1700 was an early battle in the Great Northern War. A Swedish relief army under Charles XII of Sweden defeated a Russian siege force three to four times its size. Previously, Charles XII had forced Denmark–Norway to sign the Treaty of Travendal. Narva was not followed by further advances of the Swedish army into Russia; instead, Charles XII turned southward to expel August the Strong from Livonia and Poland–Lithuania. Tsar Peter the Great of Russia took Narva in a second battle in 1704.
The Battle of Poltava was the decisive and largest battle of the Great Northern War. The Russian army under the command of Tsar Peter I defeated the Swedish army under the command of Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld. The battle put an end to the status of the Swedish Empire as a European great power, as well as its eastbound expansion, and marked the beginning of Russian supremacy in eastern Europe.
The Ingrian War was a conflict fought between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia which lasted between 1610 and 1617. It can be seen as part of Russia's Time of Troubles and is mainly remembered for the attempt to put a Swedish duke on the Russian throne. It ended with a large Swedish territorial gain in the Treaty of Stolbovo, which laid an important foundation to Sweden's Age of Greatness.
Koporye is a historic village (selo) in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located about 100 km (62 mi) west of St. Petersburg and 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the Koporye Bay of the Baltic Sea. Its population in 2017 was 1,603.
The Livonian War (1558–1583) was fought for control of Old Livonia. The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658, known as the War of Rupture, was fought by Russia and Sweden as a theater of the Second Northern War. It took place during a pause in the contemporary Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) as a consequence of the Truce of Vilna. Despite initial successes, Tsar Alexis of Russia failed to secure his principal objective—to revise the Treaty of Stolbovo, which had stripped Russia of the Baltic coast at the close of the Ingrian War. The war ended in a Swedish victory.
The Battle of Kokenhausen was a major battle opening the Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611). It took place on the 13 June (O.S.) or 23 June (N.S.) 1601 near Koknese in Livonia. In the battle, Polish forces defeated the Swedish relief force and captured the besieging force, relieving the Polish garrison. The battle is notable as one of the greatest victories of the Polish hussars, who defeated their numerically superior Swedish adversaries.
The siege of Narva, also known as the second battle of Narva, was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War from 27 June to 9 August 1704.
The Battles of Wenden were a series of battles for control of the stronghold of Wenden, in present-day Latvia, fought during the Livonian War in 1577 and 1578. Magnus of Livonia besieged the town in August 1577, but was deposed and replaced by Russian forces under Tsar Ivan IV, who eventually sacked the town and castle in what became a symbolic victory. Polish forces, however, re-captured the stronghold in November and beat back a Russian counter-attack in February 1578.
The siege of Nöteborg was one of the first sieges of the Great Northern War, when Russian forces captured the Swedish fortress of Nöteborg in October 1702. Peter the Great had assembled a force of 20,000 men for this task, and marched for ten days to his destination. About 12,000 of these men were positioned on the banks of the Neva river, where they camped until 6 October (N.S.). On that day, after giving command of the main force to Boris Sheremetev, he moved toward Nöteborg. After the Swedish commander, Wilhelm von Schlippenbach, refused to give up the fort immediately, the Russians began bombarding it. A final Russian assault on the fort was tactically unsuccessful, resulting in heavy casualties, but forced the fort's defenders to surrender on 22 October 1702. After taking control, Peter immediately began reconstructing the fort for his own purposes, renaming it Shlisselburg.
The siege of Gdov was part of the Time of Troubles and an episode of the Ingrian War.
The Battle of Gdov in the Russo-Swedish War took place on September 16, 1657 in Gdov. The battle was a clear victory for Prince Ivan Khovansky of the Tsardom of Russia over Swedish Governor-General Count Magnus De la Gardie allowing the Russians to regroup after a brief resurgence of Swedish resistance.
Yam is a fortress and heritage site located on the eastern bank of the Luga river in Kingisepp, Leningrad Oblast, Russia.
The siege of Oreshek (1611–1612) was the Swedish capture of the fortress of Oreshek after an eight-month siege during the Ingrian War of 1610–1617.
The siege of Riga was a successful Swedish siege of Riga during the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). It led to the capture of the city, and subsequently sent shockwaves through Europe.
The siege of Narva was an unsuccessful Russian siege of the Swedish controlled city of Narva during the early stages of the Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595).
The Augdov expedition was a failed Swedish offensive directed at the city of Augdov (Gdov) in 1657 during the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658).
The Battle of Lälitz was an engagement fought between Swedish and Russian troops in the village of Lälitz in 17 July, 1657. It ended with the Russian troops being repulsed and their commander dying of his wounds sustained during the fighting.
The sieges of Marienburg were two separate Russian sieges of Marienburg, the first in August, and the second in November and December, with the first being unsuccessful and the second being successful.
The attack on Narva occurred from 5 to 7 October, 1657, being fought between the garrison in Narva and a Russian force under Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky. The Swedish garrison managed to repel the Russian attack, and the Russians withdrew to Jama on 7 October, later withdrawing all the way to Pskov on 17 October.