The Deluge was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a wider sense, it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, comprising the Polish theatres of the Russo-Polish and Second Northern Wars. In a stricter sense, the term refers to the Swedish invasion and occupation of the Commonwealth as a theatre of the Second Northern War (1655–1660) only; in Poland and Lithuania this period is called the Swedish Deluge, or less commonly the Russo–Swedish Deluge due to the simultaneous Russo-Polish War. The term "deluge" was popularized by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel The Deluge (1886).
The Ingrian War was a conflict fought between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia which lasted between 1610 and 1617. It can be seen as part of Russia's Time of Troubles, and is mainly remembered for the attempt to put a Swedish duke on the Russian throne. It ended with a large Swedish territorial gain in the Treaty of Stolbovo, which laid an important foundation to Sweden's Age of Greatness.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658, known as the War of Rupture, was fought by Russia and Sweden as a theater of the Second Northern War. It took place during a pause in the contemporary Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) as a consequence of the Truce of Vilna. Despite initial successes, Tsar Alexis of Russia failed to secure his principal objective—to revise the Treaty of Stolbovo, which had stripped Russia of the Baltic coast at the close of the Ingrian War. The war ended in a Swedish victory.
The Dano-Swedish War of 1657–1658, known in Denmark as the First Karl Gustav War in Norway as Krabbes Feud and in Sweden as Karl Gustav's First Danish War, was a conflict between Sweden and Denmark–Norway during the Northern War of 1655–1660. In 1657, Charles X of Sweden and his Swedish army were Fighting in the Poland. Frederick III of Denmark-Norway saw an opportunity to recover the territories it lost in 1645 and attacked Sweden. The outbreak of war with Denmark provided Charles with an excuse to withdraw from the Polish campaign and move against Denmark.
The Battle of Walk on July 8, 1657 between forces of Sweden commanded by Friedrich von Löwen on one side, and Russian forces led by stolnik Matvey Sheremetyev, who for the first time in his career commanded an army by himself, on the other side. The largest part of the Russian army disobeyed Sheremetyev and left the battle at the beginning, forcing him to rely on the 250 reiters of Colonel Denis Fonvizin, who played the key role in the breakthrough and allowed the rest of the army to escape. The Swedish forces won the battle, and according to their sources they defeated an army of 8,000 men, 32 standards, banners and other field declarations had been captured in the battle and 1,500 Russians were dead or wounded along with their commander Matvey Sheremetyev, who later died in captivity. In comparison, some 12 Swedes, including Lieutenant Captain Tiesenhusen, were killed.
The Battle of Rautus kyrka was a failed Russian attempt to stop a Swedish relief force headed for Kexholm during the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658). The Swedes, led by Christoffer Burmeister successfully repelled the Russian attack and forced them back.
The Battle of Nabe was fought between Danish and Swedish forces at Nabe on October 3 1657. The Swedes attacked the Danish redoubt and successfully captured both Danish commanders and crushed the popular resistance in Jutland as a consequence of the battle.
The Augdov expedition was a failed Swedish offensive directed at the city of Augdov (Gdov) in 1657 during the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658).
The Battle of Lälitz was an engagement fought between Swedish and Russian troops in the village of Lälitz in 17 July, 1657. It ended with the Russian troops being repulsed and their commander dying of his wounds sustained during the fighting.
The Battle of Lava occurred on 11 August 1657, when a Swedish force, under the command of Gustav Evertsson Horn, attacked a Russian ostrog at Lava. Horn, who had not been notified that Carl Gustaf Wrangel would not be able to support him, was not able to dislodge the Russians.
The Battle of Kattarp was fought on 3 October (O.S.) or 13 October (N.S.) between Danish and Swedish forces at Kattarp, commanded by King Frederick III and Gustaf Otto Stenbock respectively during the Dano-Swedish War of 1657–1658.
The Battle of Hjärtum was fought on 27 September (O.S.) or 7 October (N.S.) between Danish and Swedish forces during the Dano-Swedish War of 1657–1658.
The siege of Nakskov began on 6 February 1658, when a Swedish cavalry regiment under Överste Overbeck surrounded the city, and only one day later, the civilians in the town, not wanting to end up like Fredriksodde, which had been besieged and conquered by the Swedes, surrendered the city on February 7.
The skirmish at Neuhof occurred in October of 1657 Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658 after the Swedes had found out about a Russian plan to attack Marienburg and their arrival in Neuhof. The Swedish commander, Otto Leonard von Bülow, successfully infiltrated the Russian camp, leading to all the Russians along with their commander being killed.
The siege of Jama occurred from January to March 1658, when a Russian force besieged the town, eventually being repulsed by a Swedish relief force led by Christer Horn consisting of 800 men and 4 cannons.
The siege of Kronborg was a Swedish siege of the Danish stronghold Kronborg from 16 August to 6 September 1658, during the Dano-Swedish War of 1658–1660. The siege ended with a Swedish victory.
The battle of Nyborg fjord was an unsuccessful Swedish attack led by Carl Gustaf Wrangel on a Danish squadron trapped in Nyborg during the Dano-Swedish War of 1657–1658
The Olonets expedition was an invasion towards Olonets executed by Generalmajor Erik Kruse during January 1657 as part of the Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658. Despite not capturing Olonets like he intended, Erik Kruse destroyed hundreds of buildings and killed all civilians he encountered, drawing condemnations from people like Per Brahe the Younger.
The battle of Aa occurred on 2 August 1656 during the early stages of the Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658. An outnumbered Swedish force of 350–380 cavalry under the command of Generalmajor Streiff defeated a much larger Russian army of 3,500 men, killing their leader in the process.
The battle of Pielis occurred on 7 August 1657 in Kajaani during the Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658. A Russian force estimated at some 300 men were raiding the province when a Finnish force under the command of Zacharias Palmbaum encountered them and managed to repel the Russians after intense fighting.
Tsardom of Russia 
Swedish Empire 