| Siege of Lemnos (1657) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Cretan War (Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War) | |||||||
 Map of Lemnos, Ottoman drawing | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Ottoman Empire |  Republic of Venice | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Topal Mehmed Pasha | Unknown | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 4,000 or 10,000 men | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 500+ | 100–200 killed 500 captured | ||||||
The Siege of Lemnos happened during the Cretan War when the Ottomans launched a campaign to reconquer the island of Lemnos from the Venetians. The Ottomans captured the island in the end.
The Ottomans won the fourth battle of Dardanelles and soon the Venetians found themselves on the defensive. The costly battles in Dardanelles and the struggle to hold on to Crete took a toll on the Venetians. They had already occupied the islands of Lemnos and Tindos. Those two islands were far away from the supply line. The peace party in the senate argued to abandon the two islands; however, the war party prevailed in the end. The Ottomans wanted a peace treaty but still demanded the surrender of Crete. The Ottomans under Köprülü Mehmed Pasha took an aggressive stance. On August 31, [1] the Ottomans landed at Tindos, easily captured after the Venetians abandoned it. [2]
The Ottomans arrived and landed 4,000 [3] or 10,000 men [4] on Lemnos led by Topal Mehmed Pasha. Since the castle was built on a rock, it was impossible to have mine works while the garrison received a reinforcement of 17 ships. [5] The Ottomans launched a general assault on the city but were repulsed with a loss of 500 men, leaving their ladders to the garrison. Afterwards, they made several assaults but were all beaten off with considerable losses. The Ottomans almost abandoned their enterprise, but the apprehension awaiting from the Divan made them stay and fight the Venetians. Eventually, after 63 days of siege and without hope of any relief force, the Venetians surrendered [6] [7] on November 12. [8] It was decided that the garrison would leave unharmed; however, the Ottomans massacred 100 or 200 of them and took 500 prisoners, some of them were galley slaves liberated by Venetians during the previous battles with the Ottomans. [9] The reconquest of Tindos and Lemnos caused great joy to the Divan the inhabitants of Istanbul. [10]
Mehmed II, commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror, was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.
Köprülü Mehmed Pasha was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire and founding patriarch of the Köprülü political dynasty. He helped rebuild the power of the empire by rooting out corruption and reorganizing the Ottoman army. As he introduced these changes, Köprülü also expanded the borders of the empire, defeating the Cossacks, the Hungarians, and most impressively, the Venetians. Köprülü's effectiveness was matched by his reputation.
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The Third Battle of the Dardanelles in the Fifth Ottoman-Venetian War took place on 26 and 27 June 1656 inside the Dardanelles Strait. The battle was a clear victory for Venice and the Knights Hospitaller over the Ottoman Empire, although their commander, Lorenzo Marcello, was killed on the first day.
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The Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire between 1714 and 1718. It was the last conflict between the two powers, and ended with an Ottoman victory and the loss of Venice's major possession in the Greek peninsula, the Peloponnese (Morea). Venice was saved from a greater defeat by the intervention of Austria in 1716. The Austrian victories led to the signing of the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718, which ended the war.
The Cretan War, also known as the War of Candia or the Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War, was a conflict between the Republic of Venice and her allies against the Ottoman Empire and the Barbary States, because it was largely fought over the island of Crete, Venice's largest and richest overseas possession. The war lasted from 1645 to 1669 and was fought in Crete, especially in the city of Candia, and in numerous naval engagements and raids around the Aegean Sea, with Dalmatia providing a secondary theater of operations.
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