Siege of Nitra (1664) | |||||||
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Part of Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) | |||||||
The siege of Nitra on a copper engraving | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Ottoman Empire | Habsburg Monarchy Kingdom of Hungary Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Ghazi Hussein Pasha | Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches István Koháry | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
1,000 |
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
400 | Unknown |
The Siege of Nitra in 1664 lasted from 17 April to 3 May. The castle was defended by the Ottomans against Austrian and Hungarian troops led by Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches.
Nitra was occupied on October 12 by an Ottoman army led by Ghazi Hussein. The defenders of the castle capitulated to the Pasha after a short fight, so he took the stronghold without much resistance. The official of the bishopric of Nitra and the castle was János Terjek of Szenterzsébet, former tax collector of Zala County. [1] [2]
In the winter of the following year, Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches, with the help of Hungarian and Polish troops, carried out operations in the Highlands, which partly served a diversionary purpose, while the Croatian Ban Miklós Zrínyi led the main forces along the Drava. [3]
To retake Nitra, an army of 16,000 men marched under Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches and István Koháry, of which about 2,000 to 3,000 soldiers were Hungarians. Nitra was defended by 1,000 Turks under Ghazi Hussein.
The first assault was fended off by the Turkish defenders of the castle, and de Souches switched to continuous shelling of the castle, which greatly disturbed the Turks, the Upper and Lower Towns were burned. The shelling of the castle lasted another three days, and part of its walls completely collapsed, but the Turks did not surrender.
Kurd Mehmed Pasha, who was in the castle, broke out with 300 horsemen, but most of his soldiers were lost in the fight.
De Souches received reinforcements, and the defenders began to negotiate surrender. The commanders agreed on the terms of a free retreat, and on April 18 the remaining Turkish army of 400 horsemen and 200 infantry, left Nitra. [4]
In the castle, de Souches left 800 soldiers and a few hundred horsemen. [4]
De Souches planned to restore the destroyed walls. Paris von Spankau, whom he made captain of the castle, advised the strategic demolition of the Lower Town to obtain building material for the restoration work. At the request of Palatine Ferenc Wesselényi, Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches abandoned this plan. [4]
Nitra remained in the Royal Hungary even after the Treaty of Vasvár. The bishop of the city, Miklós Pálffy, started fortifying the castle in 1669, because he was afraid that it would be attacked by the Ottomans again.
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The siege of Szigetvár or the Battle of Szigeth was an Ottoman siege of the fortress of Szigetvár in the Kingdom of Hungary. The fort had blocked Sultan Suleiman's line of advance towards Vienna in 1566. The battle was fought between the defending forces of the Habsburg monarchy under the leadership of Nikola IV Zrinski, the former Ban of Croatia, and the invading Ottoman army under the nominal command of Sultan Suleiman.
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Miklós Zrínyi was a Croatian and Hungarian military leader, statesman and poet. He was a member of the House of Zrinski, a Croatian-Hungarian noble family. He is the author of the first epic poem, The Peril of Sziget, in Hungarian literature.
The Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) or fourth Austro-Turkish War was a short war between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman aim was to resume the advance in central Europe, conquer Vienna and subdue Austria. The Ottomans managed to capture key strongholds, however, the Habsburg army under Raimondo Montecuccoli succeeded in halting the Ottoman army in the Battle of Saint Gotthard.
This page is partially a translation of the French version
Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches, was a French-born professional soldier, who served in the Swedish and Imperial armies. A capable officer who reached the rank of Field Marshal, his career was marred by a tendency to quarrel with his colleagues and superiors.
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Count Ádám Forgách de Ghymes et Gács was a Hungarian soldier and magnate in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Judge Royal from 13 October 1670 until his death. He was the eldest son of Baron Zsigmond Forgách, Palatine of Hungary.
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