Leopold I was Holy Roman Emperor,King of Hungary,Croatia,and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III,Holy Roman Emperor,by his first wife,Maria Anna of Spain,Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 after the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV. Elected in 1658,Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705,becoming the second longest-ruling Habsburg emperor. He was both a composer and considerable patron of music.
The Battle of Seneffe took place on 11 August 1674 during the Franco-Dutch War,near Seneffe,then in the Spanish Netherlands,now present-day Belgium. It was fought between a French force commanded by the Prince de Condéand a combined Dutch,Imperial,and Spanish force under William of Orange. One of the bloodiest battles of the war,over 20% of those engaged on both sides became casualties,and the result is disputed.
Matthias Gallas,Graf von Campo und Herzog von Lucera was an Italian professional soldier during the Thirty Years' War. He distinguished himself in the first half of the war in service of the Catholic League,in the War of the Mantuan Succession,and as one of Albrecht von Wallenstein's Generals. After carrying out the dismissal and elimination of Wallenstein,Gallas became acting supreme commander of the Imperial Army three times between 1634 and 1647 but he never held the function or authority of a Generalissimo.
The Franco-Dutch War,also known as the Dutch War,was fought between France and the Dutch Republic,supported by its allies the Holy Roman Empire,Spain,Brandenburg-Prussia and Denmark-Norway. In its early stages,France was allied with Münster and Cologne,as well as England. The 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War and 1675 to 1679 Scanian War are considered related conflicts.
The Second Battle of Breitenfeld,also known as the First Battle of Leipzig,took place during the Thirty Years' War on 2 November 1642 at Breitenfeld,north-east of Leipzig in Germany. A Swedish Army commanded by Lennart Torstensson decisively defeated an Imperial Army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and his deputy Ottavio Piccolomini.
The Battle of Jankau,also known as Jankov,Jankow,or Jankowitz,took place in central Bohemia on 6 March 1645,near modern Czech town of Jankov. One of the last major battles of the 1618 to 1648 Thirty Years' War,it was fought between Swedish and Imperial armies,each containing around 16,000 men. The more mobile and better led Swedes under Lennart Torstensson effectively destroyed their opponents,commanded by Melchior von Hatzfeldt. However,the devastation caused by decades of conflict meant armies now spent much of their time obtaining supplies,and the Swedes were unable to take advantage.
Raimondo Montecuccoli was an Italian-born professional soldier,military theorist,and diplomat,who served the Habsburg monarchy.
The Battle of Saint Gotthard,of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664),took place on 1 August 1664 on the Raab between Mogersdorf and the Cistercian monastery St. Gotthard in West Hungary. It was fought between Imperial Army forces,including German,Swedish and French contingents,led by Imperial commander-in-chief Count Raimondo Montecuccoli and the army of the Ottoman Empire under the command of KöprülüFazıl Ahmed Paşa.
Christoph Bernhard Freiherr von Galen was Prince-bishop of Münster. He was born into a noble Westphalian family.
Miklós Zrínyi was a Croatian and Hungarian military leader,statesman and poet. He was a member of the House of Zrinski,a Croatian-Hungarian noble family. He is the author of the first epic poem,The Peril of Sziget,in Hungarian literature.
The Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) or fourth Austro-Turkish War was a short war between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman aim was to resume the advance in central Europe,conquer Vienna and subdue Austria. The Ottomans managed to capture key strongholds,however,the Habsburg army under Raimondo Montecuccoli succeeded in halting the Ottoman army in the Battle of Saint Gotthard.
This page is partially a translation of the French version
Margrave (Prince) Hermann of Baden-Baden was a general and diplomat in the imperial service. He was Field Marshal,president of the Hofkriegsrat,and the representative of the Emperor in the Perpetual Diet of Regensburg.
The Battle of Altenheim took place on 1 August 1675 during the 1672-1678 Franco-Dutch War near Altenheim,in modern Baden-Württemberg. It was fought by a French army of 20,000,jointly commanded by the Marquis de Vaubrun and the Comte de Lorges,and an Imperial Army of 30,000 under Raimondo Montecuccoli.
The Treaty of Vossem was signed on 6 June 1673,between Frederick William,Elector Brandenburg and Louis XIV of France;England,then a French ally against the Dutch,was included as a party to the terms but not a signatory. It was ratified by both parties on 20 July.
Johann Wilhelm von Hunolstein,also known as Hunoltstein or Hunoldstein,was a professional soldier in Lorrain,Bavarian and Imperial military service during the Thirty Years' War. Since 1643,he was part of the General Staff of the Imperial supreme commanders Gallas and Melander,and commanded himself the entire infantry of either the Imperial or the Bavarian field army.
The Winter Campaign,also known as the Eszék campaign,was the campaign of Miklós Zrínyi in the winter of 1664,during which he and his army penetrated 240 km into Turkish territory. Between 1663 and 1664. This campaign most important operation of the Turkish Campaign in 1664,which was also the main success of the Christian forces. The history of the campaign is that in 1663 the Turks attacked Hungary with an army of almost 80,000 people. The king appointed Miklós Zrínyi as the commander-in-chief of the Hungarian troops,who,with his successful enterprise,set fire to the Eszék bridge that provided supplies to the Turkish garrisons across the Danube,but due to the court's delay,he was unable to capitalize on the victory. Kanizsa Bécs,who saw a political opponent in Miklós Zrínyi,who fought with pen and sword,replaced him after a siege that ended in failure.
The Siege of Nitra in 1664 lasted from 17 April to 3 May. The castle was defended by the Ottomans against Austrian and Hungarian troops led by Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches.
The Battle of Zsarnóca took place on May 16 between an Austrian division commanded by General Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches with 11,000 troops and an Ottoman division commanded by Kücsük Mehmed Pasha with 15,000 troops. The battle ended in an Austrian victory and death of Kücsük Mehmed Pasha who fell in battle.
