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Organ donation is the process when a person allows an organ of their own to be removed and transplanted to another person, legally, either by consent while the donor is alive or dead with the assent of the next of kin.
Keratoconus (KC) is a disorder of the eye that results in progressive thinning of the cornea. This may result in blurry vision, double vision, nearsightedness, irregular astigmatism, and light sensitivity leading to poor quality-of-life. Usually both eyes are affected. In more severe cases a scarring or a circle may be seen within the cornea.
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.
Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue. When the entire cornea is replaced it is known as penetrating keratoplasty and when only part of the cornea is replaced it is known as lamellar keratoplasty. Keratoplasty simply means surgery to the cornea. The graft is taken from a recently deceased individual with no known diseases or other factors that may affect the chance of survival of the donated tissue or the health of the recipient.
The Lions Eye Institute (LEI) is an Australian medical research institute affiliated with the University of Western Australia. It was established in 1983 with support of the Lions Clubs of Western Australia and headquartered in the Perth suburb of Nedlands, Western Australia. The LEI is a not-for-profit centre of excellence that combines an ophthalmic clinic with scientific discovery developing techniques for the prevention of blindness and the reduction of pain from blinding eye conditions.
Eye banks recover, prepare and deliver donated eyes for cornea transplants and research. The first successful cornea transplant was performed in 1905 and the first eye bank was founded in 1944. Currently, in the United States, eye banks provide tissue for over 80,000 cornea transplants each year to treat conditions such as keratoconus and corneal scarring. In some cases, the white of the eye (sclera) is used to surgically repair recipient eyes. Unlike other organs and tissues, there is an adequate supply of corneas for transplants in the United States, and excess tissue is exported internationally, where there are shortages in many countries, due to greater demand and a less-developed eye banking infrastructure.
Keratoglobus is a degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to become extremely thin and change to a more globular shape than its normal gradual curve. It causes corneal thinning, primarily at the margins, resulting in a spherical, slightly enlarged eye.
Ioannis G. Pallikaris is a Greek ophthalmologist who in 1989 performed the first LASIK procedure on a human eye. Pallikaris also developed Epi-LASIK.
Lions Eye Bank is the designation given to the various non-profit eye banks operated by member chapters within the Lions Clubs International service organisation. The banks store and prepare donated corneas for transplantation. Corneas may be stored for up to fourteen days before being distributed to an ophthalmic surgeon for transplantation.
Keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure where a diseased cornea is replaced with an artificial cornea. Traditionally, keratoprosthesis is recommended after a person has had a failure of one or more donor corneal transplants. More recently, a less invasive, non-penetrating artificial cornea has been developed which can be used in more routine cases of corneal blindness. While conventional cornea transplant uses donor tissue for transplant, an artificial cornea is used in the Keratoprosthesis procedure. The surgery is performed to restore vision in patients with severely damaged cornea due to congenital birth defects, infections, injuries and burns.
The L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) is an eye-care network, established by Dr. Gullapalli Nageswara Rao, an ophthalmologist, at Hyderabad, in 1987. It is a non-profit, multi-campus, non-governmental institution. With more than 200 eye-care centres in India, it is the largest eye-care network in the world.
Gholam A. Peyman is an ophthalmologist, retina surgeon, and inventor. He is best known for his invention of LASIK eye surgery, a vision correction procedure designed to allow people to see clearly without glasses. He was awarded the first US patent for the procedure in 1989.
Sri Lanka Eye Donation Society is a non-governmental organization involved in donating human eyes and tissues for transplantation. It serves patients in need both in Sri Lanka and around the world. The society is a non-profit organization and provides the tissues free of charge, except for a small fee on processing and delivery.
A corneal inlay is a device which is surgically implanted in the cornea of the eye as a treatment for presbyopia. Successful installation results in reducing dependence on reading glasses, so that the user can more easily engage in everyday tasks such as using a mobile phone, reading store shelf prices and working on a computer.
Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, formerly called the Tilganga Eye Centre, in Nepal is the implementing body of the Nepal Eye Program, a non-profit, community based, non-government organization launched in 1992. It was founded in part by renowned ophthalmologist and cataract surgeon Sanduk Ruit. The current facility was opened in 1994. The World Health Organization recognized Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology as a WHO Collaboration Centre of Ophthalmology in 2019. In Nepal, it is the second institute, and first institute in the field of ophthalmology to receive this designation. It provides various sub speciality services of Ophthalmology such as Cornea, Cataract & IOL, Glaucoma, Oculoplastic, Lacrimal and Ocular Oncology services, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus services, Vitreo-Retina, Uvea, Neuro ophthalmology and Optometry services.
Pre Descemet's endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) is a kind of endothelial keratoplasty, where the pre descemet's layer (PDL) along with descemet's membrane (DM) and endothelium is transplanted. Conventionally in a corneal transplantation, doctors use a whole cornea or parts of the five layers of the cornea to perform correction surgeries. In May 2013, Dr Harminder Dua discovered a sixth layer between the stroma and the descemet membrane which was named after him as the Dua's layer. In the PDEK technique, doctors take the innermost two layers of the cornea, along with the Dua's layer and graft it in the patient's eye.
The Legacy Devers Eye Institute in Portland, Oregon, is one of the few private, non-profit centers for ophthalmological care, research, and training in the United States. The institute is affiliated with Legacy Health, a network of seven hospitals in Portland and Southwest Washington. Legacy Devers includes the Thelma and Gilbert Schnitzer Comprehensive Glaucoma Center.
ProfessorKeryn Anne Williams is an Australian medical scientist who works in the field of ophthalmology. She was a Principal Research Fellow in the School of Medicine at Flinders University. Her research interests include clinical and experimetnal corneal transplantation, ocular inflammation, ocular immunology and eye banking.
A corneal button is a replacement cornea to be transplanted in the place of a damaged or diseased cornea normally approximately 8.5–9.0mm in diameter. It is used in a corneal transplantation procedure whereby the whole, or part, of a cornea is replaced. The donor tissue can now be held for days to even weeks of the donor's death and is normally a small, rounded shape. The main use of the corneal button is during procedures where the entirety of the cornea needs to be replaced, also known as penetrating keratoplasty.
The human cornea is a transparent membrane which allows light to pass through it. The word corneal opacification literally means loss of normal transparency of cornea. The term corneal opacity is used particularly for the loss of transparency of cornea due to scarring. Transparency of the cornea is dependent on the uniform diameter and the regular spacing and arrangement of the collagen fibrils within the stroma. Alterations in the spacing of collagen fibrils in a variety of conditions including corneal edema, scars, and macular corneal dystrophy is clinically manifested as corneal opacity. The term corneal blindness is commonly used to describe blindness due to corneal opacity.
References
- ↑ "Seattle nonprofit brings vision to India". Puget Sound Business Journal. October 14, 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2011.
- ↑ Hutton, David (11 August 2022). "Lions Eye Institute acquires SightLife". Ophthalmology Times.
- 1 2 Norton, Lisa (2012). So You Want to Be a Global Nonprofit?: Legal and Practical Guidance for International Activities (PDF). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-118-45222-6.
Since it began operating in 1969 (initially as the Northwest Lions Eye Bank), SightLife has provided corneal tissue for transplant throughout the western United States.
- ↑ Mallikarjun, Y. (22 September 2010). "US firm to help eliminate corneal blindness by 2025". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 26 September 2010.
- ↑ Densford, Fink (9 March 2018). "SightLife Surgical to acquire AcuFocus Kamra corneal inlay". MassDevice.
- ↑ "Eye Bank Association of America's Accreditation Status List : Current as of June 2012 - Public" (PDF). Restoresight.org. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
- ↑ "U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page". Fda.gov. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
- ↑ McNamara, Don (1 April 2012). "50 Best Nonprofits To Work For In 2012" (PDF). The NonProfit Times. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2014.
- ↑ Morton, Gary (1 April 2013). "50 Best Nonprofits To Work For In 2013" (PDF). The NonProfit Times. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2013.
Further reading
- "Trooper Tony keeps on giving, even after death" (audio: mp3). KOMO News Radio. December 18, 2012. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. includes interview with Monte Montoya of Sightlife
- Monk, Becky (9 March 2012). "Tim McLaughlin: 2012 CFO of the Year Winner". Puget Sound Business Journal. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012.