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A crystallite is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms,for example,during the cooling of many materials. Crystallites are also referred to as grains.
In materials science,a grain boundary is the interface between two grains,or crystallites,in a polycrystalline material. Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects in the crystal structure,and tend to decrease the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material. Most grain boundaries are preferred sites for the onset of corrosion and for the precipitation of new phases from the solid. They are also important to many of the mechanisms of creep. On the other hand,grain boundaries disrupt the motion of dislocations through a material,so reducing crystallite size is a common way to improve mechanical strength,as described by the Hall–Petch relationship.
In metallurgy,materials science and structural geology,subgrain rotation recrystallization is recognized as an important mechanism for dynamic recrystallisation. It involves the rotation of initially low-angle sub-grain boundaries until the mismatch between the crystal lattices across the boundary is sufficient for them to be regarded as grain boundaries. This mechanism has been recognized in many minerals and in metals.
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Michael J. Shelley is an American applied mathematician who works on the modeling and simulation of complex systems arising in physics and biology. This has included free-boundary problems in fluids and materials science,singularity formation in partial differential equations,modeling visual perception in the primary visual cortex,dynamics of complex and active fluids,cellular biophysics,and fluid-structure interaction problems such as the flapping of flags,stream-lining in nature,and flapping flight. He is also the co-founder and co-director of the Courant Institute's Applied Mathematics Lab.
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Katherine T. Faber is an American materials scientist and one of the world's foremost experts in ceramic engineering,material strengthening,and ultra-high temperature materials. Faber is the Simon Ramo Professor of Materials Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). She was previously the Walter P. Murphy Professor and department chair of Materials Science and Engineering at the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University.
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Dawn Austin Bonnell is the Senior Vice Provost for Research at the University of Pennsylvania. She has previously served as the Founding Director of the National Science Foundation Nano–Bio Interface Center,Vice President of the American Ceramic Society and President of the American Vacuum Society. In 2024,she was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
Catherine Kallin is a Canadian theoretical quantum condensed matter physicist whose research topics have included spin wave theory,the quantum Hall effect,frustrated antiferromagnets,chirality in superconductors,and high-temperature superconductivity. She is a professor emerita of physics and astronomy at McMaster University.
Amalia Ioana Coldea is a Romanian quantum physicist who is Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford. She was awarded the 2019 Institute of Physics Brian Pippard Prize and the 2011 EuroMagnet Prize.
Elizabeth Carol Dickey is an American materials scientist who is the Teddy and Wilton Hawkins Distinguished Professor at Carnegie Mellon University. Her research considers structure-property relationships for materials with grain boundaries and interfaces. She is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,the American Ceramic Society and the Microscopy Society of America.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Siu-Wai Chan". Columbia University. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- 1 2 Report of the President and the Treasurer. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. 2004. p. 55.
- ↑ "Crystallite rotations driven by the variation of grain boundary energy with misorientation". MIT Libraries. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ↑ "Siu-Wai Chan". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ↑ "Fellows of The American Ceramic Society" (PDF). American Ceramic Society. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ↑ "APS Fellows Archive". American Physical Society. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
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