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Politics of Macau is a framework of a politically constrained multi-party presidential system,dominated by the People's Republic of China. It includes the legislature,the judiciary,the government,and a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government,led by the Chief Executive.
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings,either alone or as a part of a panel of judges. In an adversarial system the judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case,assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties,and then issues a ruling in the case based on their interpretation of the law and their own personal judgment. A judge is expected to conduct the trial impartially and,typically,in an open court.
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome,a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers,and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world,such as China,magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today,in some jurisdictions,a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court,and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions,magistrates are typically trained volunteers appointed to deal with criminal and civil matters in their local areas.
Macau law is broadly based on Portuguese law,and therefore part of the civil law tradition of continental European legal systems. Portuguese law is itself highly influenced by German law. However,many other influences are present,including Chinese law,Italian law,and some narrow aspects of common law.
Macau elects at the regional level its head of government and legislature. The Legislative Assembly is made up of 33 members,of whom 14 are elected by popular vote under proportional representation,12 elected from functional constituencies and 7 appointed by the Chief Executive. The Chief Executive of Macau is returned by a 400-member Election Committee on five-year intervals.
In England and Wales,a magistrates' court is a lower court which hears matters relating to summary offences and some triable either-way matters. Some civil law issues are also decided here,notably family proceedings. In 2010,there were 320 magistrates' courts in England and Wales;by 2020,a decade later,164 of those had closed. The jurisdiction of magistrates' courts and rules governing them are set out in the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980.
The Commission Against Corruption is the statutory independent anti-corruption body of Macau with the primary objective of combating corruption,bribery,and other illicit activities in both the public and private sectors. Established in 1999 under the Article 59 of the Macau Basic Law,the CCAC is headed by the Commissioner,who reports directly to the Chief Executive of Macau.
The High Court of Singapore is the lower division of the Supreme Court of Singapore,the upper division being the Court of Appeal. The High Court consists of the chief justice and the judges of the High Court. Judicial Commissioners are often appointed to assist with the Court's caseload. There are two specialist commercial courts,the Admiralty Court and the Intellectual Property Court,and a number of judges are designated to hear arbitration-related matters. In 2015,the Singapore International Commercial Court was established as part of the Supreme Court of Singapore,and is a division of the High Court. The other divisions of the high court are the General Division,the Appellate Division,and the Family Division. The seat of the High Court is the Supreme Court Building.
The Court of Final Appeal of Macau is the court with the final adjudication power on laws of Macau. Prior to 1999,the highest court was the Higher Court of Justice of Macau and prior to that the Court of Appeal of the Judiciary District of Lisbon in Portugal.
Kan Ting Chiu is a former Judge in the Supreme Court. Kan retired as a Judge on 27 August 2011 at the age of 65.
Ao Man Long was the first Secretary for Transport and Public Works of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China,from 20 December 1999 to 6 December 2006.
Ho Chio Meng was the first Prosecutor General of the Public Prosecutions Office of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China,having been appointed in 1999,and re-appointed in 2004 and 2009;he served until 20 December 2014,when he was replaced by Ip Son Sang,a judge.
The judiciary of Italy is composed of courts and public prosecutor offices responsible for the administration of justice in the Italian Republic. Both bench judges and public prosecutor belong to the magistracy,that is to say a public office only accessible to Italian citizens who hold an Italian Juris Doctor and have successfully partaken in one of the relevant competitive public examinations organised by the Ministry of justice. The magistracy embodies the judicial power,which is independent from other powers and is not arranged hierarchically.
The Second term of Fernando Chui Sai On as Chief Executive of Macau,officially considered part of "The 4th term Chief Executive of Macau",relates to the period of governance of Macau since the transfer of sovereignty over Macau,between 20 December 2014 and 20 December 2019. Fernando Chui Sai On was reelected in mid 2014 by 400-member Selection Committee.
Eugene Singarajah Thuraisingam is a Singaporean lawyer. He is the founder of the law firm Eugene Thuraisingam LLP,a law firm that specialises in international arbitration and criminal and commercial litigation. He is also known for his advocacy of human rights and for his opposition of the death penalty in Singapore. In relation to his domestic practice as a criminal lawyer in Singapore,Thuraisingam has defended many alleged suspects in high profile criminal trials,including those who were dissidents and critics of the government of Singapore. For his legal service for many defendants in the court of Singapore,Doyles Guide has named him as a leading criminal defence lawyer in Singapore in 2020.
Agnes Mercy Abla Dordzie is a Ghanaian judge. She was an active justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana until October 2022. She was appointed justice of the Supreme Court in 2018.
Chief Executive elections were held in Macau on 26 July 2009 for the third term of the Chief Executive of Macau (CE),the highest office of the Macau Special Administrative Region. Fernando Chui was elected without contest after incumbent Chief Executive Edmund Ho was ineligible for re-election due to having served two terms.
On 22 February 2021,Xia Baolong,director of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office,proposed that Hong Kong's governance had to be in the hands of "patriots". Observers considered it possible that the definition of "patriot" would require candidates for public office to embrace the rule of the Chinese Communist Party,as also suggested by Hong Kong Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Erick Tsang;and that this signified a departure from the position that had prevailed since a speech by China's paramount leader Deng Xiaoping in 1984.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Special Report – "The Future is Feminist" * (16 – 20) | Macau Business" . Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- 1 2 Ip, Eric C. (2019-04-25). Hybrid Constitutionalism: The Politics of Constitutional Review in the Chinese Special Administrative Regions. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-19492-2.
- 1 2 "Macau's former chief prosecutor jailed 21 years for crimes". South China Morning Post. 2017-07-14. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ↑ "Judge Song Man Lei to chair CE election committee again" . Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ↑ "Chui swears in Electoral Affairs Commission's 5 members". www.macaupostdaily.com. Retrieved 2022-02-01.