Space radio station (short: space station) is a radio station located on an object travelling beyond the major portion of the Earth's atmosphere. [1] Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily. However, most spacecraft communicate by this means.
A ground station, Earth station, or Earth terminal is a terrestrial radio station designed for extraplanetary telecommunication with spacecraft, or reception of radio waves from astronomical radio sources. Ground stations may be located either on the surface of the Earth, or in its atmosphere. Earth stations communicate with spacecraft by transmitting and receiving radio waves in the super high frequency (SHF) or extremely high frequency (EHF) bands. When a ground station successfully transmits radio waves to a spacecraft, it establishes a telecommunications link. A principal telecommunications device of the ground station is the parabolic antenna.
A Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a series of nine digits which are sent in digital form over a radio frequency channel in order to uniquely identify ship stations, ship earth stations, coast stations, coast earth stations, and group calls. These identities are formed in such a way that the identity or part thereof can be used by telephone and telex subscribers connected to the general telecommunications network to call ships automatically.
Fixed-satellite service is – according to article 1.21 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as A radiocommunication service between earth stations at given positions, when one or more satellites are used; the given position may be a specified fixed point or any fixed point within specified areas; in some cases this service includes satellite-to-satellite links, which may also be operated in the inter-satellite service; the fixed-satellite service may also include feeder links for other space radiocommunication services.
An amateur radio satellite is an artificial satellite built and used by amateur radio operators. It forms part of the Amateur-satellite service. These satellites use amateur radio frequency allocations to facilitate communication between amateur radio stations.
Mobile-satellite service is – according to Article 1.25 of the International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations – "A radiocommunication service
Earth exploration-satellite service is – according to Article 1.51 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as:
A radiocommunication service between earth stations and one or more space stations, which may include links between space stations, in which:
This service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation.
A feeder link is – according to Article 1.115 of the International Telecommunication Union´s (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as:
A radio link from an earth station at a given location to a space station, or vice versa, conveying information for a space radiocommunication service other than for the fixed-satellite service. The given location may be at a specified fixed point, or at any fixed point within specified areas.
Maritime mobile-satellite service is – according to Article 1.29 of the International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations (RR) – "A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on board ships; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service", in addition to serving as navigation systems.
Mobile earth station is – according to Article 1.68 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «An earth station in the mobile-satellite service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.»
A land earth station is – according to Article 1.70 of the International Telecommunication Union´s (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in some cases, in the mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point or within a specified area on land to provide a feeder link for the mobile-satellite service.»
Ship earth station is – according to Article 1.78 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A mobile earth station in the maritime mobile-satellite service located on board ship.»
Land mobile earth station is – according to Article 1.74 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A mobile earth station in the land mobile-satellite service capable of surface movement within the geographical limits of a country or continent.»
Standard frequency and time signal-satellite service is, according to Article 1.54 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR), defined as A radiocommunication service using space stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the standard frequency and time signal service.
Broadcasting-satellite service is – according to Article 1.39 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A radiocommunication service in which signals transmitted or retransmitted by space stations are intended for direct reception by the general public. In the broadcasting-satellite service, the term “direct reception” shall encompass both individual reception and community reception.»
Maritime radionavigation-satellite service is – according to Article 1.45 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A radionavigation-satellite service in which earth stations are located on board ships.»
Radiolocation-satellite service is – according to Article 1.49 of the International Telecommunication Union´s (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A radiodetermination-satellite service used for the purpose of radiolocation. This (radiocommunication) service may also include the feeder links necessary for its operation.»
Space radio system is – according to article 1.110 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «Any group of cooperating earth stations and/or space stations employing space radiocommunication for specific purposes.»
Satellite radio system is – according to article 1.111 of the International Telecommunication Union´s (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A space system using one or more artificial earth satellites.»
Base earth station is – according to article 1.72 of the International Telecommunication Union´s (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in some cases, in the land mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point or within a specified area on land to provide a feeder link for the land mobile-satellite service.»
Aircraft earth station is – according to Article 1.84 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A mobile earth station in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service located on board an aircraft.»
