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Basic data | |
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Short title: | ITU Radio Regulations |
Long title: | Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union |
Type: | Treaty |
Legal status: | International law |
Jurisdiction: | international |
Abbreviation: | RR |
Treaty countries: | ca. 200 |
Announcement: | December 22, 1992 |
Current version: | "Edition of 2020" [1] |
The ITU Radio Regulations (RR) is a basic document of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that regulates on law of nations scale radiocommunication services and the utilisation of radio frequencies. It is the supplementation to the ITU Constitution and Convention and in line with the ITU International Telecommunication Regulations (ITR). The ITU RR comprise and regulate the part of the allocated electromagnetic spectrum (also: radio frequency spectrum) from 9 kHz to 300 GHz.
The current approved version of the ITU Radio Regulations (addition 2012) is structured as follows:
Volume 1 – Articles
Volume 2 – Appendices
Volume 3 – Resolutions and Recommendations
Volume 4 – ITU-R Recommendations incorporated by reference
Maps to be used in relation to Appendix 27
The Radio Regulations define:
Radio communication services (or sradiocommunication services) [lower-alpha 1] are sub-divided into space-based radiocommunication, involving the use of one or more space stations or the use of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space; and terrestrial radiocommunication, which excludes space radiocommunication and radio astronomy.
The ITU Radio Regulations sets out the definitions of some 40 radio services including such services as the fixed service, the mobile service, the land mobile service, the broadcasting service, the standard frequency and time signal service, various satellite services. Further sub-sets of some of these internationally defined services are often created at the national level. For example, within the land mobile service, a country may choose to define such services as paging, dispatch two-way radio service, cellular mobile telephone service, trunked mobile radio service, etc. Many of these definitions are based upon the nature of the service being provided rather than the international concept of a radiocommunication service. In other words, the term "service" can be used in these two different ways. No matter what definitions are adopted in a given country, with some specific exceptions which are allowed for in the ITU RRs, the use of the spectrum must fit in with the international definitions of radio services.
The drafting, revision and adoption of the Radio Regulations is the responsibility of the World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs) of the ITU, [5] meetings of which are typically held every three or four years. [6]
Recent WRCs are:
The most recent published version [15] of the Radio Regulations, the "Edition of 2016" [16] contains the complete texts of the Radio Regulations as adopted and revised by WRC-15, including all articles, appendices, resolutions, and a subset of the recommendations issued by ITU-R (previously known as the CCIR) (those "recommendations" which have a mandatory nature, as a result of being cited in the Radio Regulations).
The "Edition of 2020", adopted and reviewed by the WRC-19, is scheduled for publication in October 2020. [1] [17]
Frequency allocation is the part of spectrum management dealing with the designation and regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum into frequency bands, normally done by governments in most countries. Because radio propagation does not stop at national boundaries, governments have sought to harmonise the allocation of RF bands and their standardization.
As defined by FS-1037C and ITU Radio Regulations, radiodetermination is:
the determination of the position, velocity or other characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to these parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves
Radiolocation, also known as radiolocating or radiopositioning, is the process of finding the location of something through the use of radio waves. It generally refers to passive uses, particularly radar—as well as detecting buried cables, water mains, and other public utilities. It is similar to radionavigation, but radiolocation usually refers to passively finding a distant object rather than actively one's own position; both are types of radiodetermination. Radiolocation is also used in real-time locating systems (RTLS) for tracking valuable assets.
Fixed-satellite service is – according to article 1.21 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as A radiocommunication service between earth stations at given positions, when one or more satellites are used; the given position may be a specified fixed point or any fixed point within specified areas; in some cases this service includes satellite-to-satellite links, which may also be operated in the inter-satellite service; the fixed-satellite service may also include feeder links for other space radiocommunication services.
Mobile service is – in line to ITU Radio Regulations – a radiocommunication service between mobile and land stations, or between mobile stations (CV).
Mobile-satellite service is – according to Article 1.25 of the International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations – "A radiocommunication service
In telecommunications, a fixed service is a radiocommunication service between specified fixed points.
Space operation service is – according to Article 1.23 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as A radiocommunication service concerned exclusively with the operation of spacecraft, in particular space tracking, space telemetry and space telecommand. These functions will normally be provided within the service in which the space station is operating.
Standard frequency and time signal service is, according to Article 1.53 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR), "A radiocommunication service for scientific, technical and other purposes, providing the transmission of specified frequencies, time signals, or both, of stated high precision, intended for general reception".
Space research service is – according to Article 1.55 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A radiocommunication service in which spacecraft or other objects in space are used for scientific or technological research purposes.»
Land mobile-satellite service is – according to Article 1.27 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on land.»
Maritime mobile-satellite service is – according to Article 1.29 of the International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations (RR) – "A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on board ships; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service", in addition to serving as navigation systems.
Aeronautical mobile service is – according to Article 1.32 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "A mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate; emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies."
Aeronautical mobile-satellite service is – according to Article 1.35 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A mobile-satellite service in which mobile earth stations are located on board aircraft; survival craft stations and emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations may also participate in this service. . »
Aeronautical mobile (R) service is – according to Article 1.33 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "An aeronautical mobile service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flight, primarily along national or international civil air routes."
Aeronautical mobile (OR) service is – according to Article 1.34 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "An aeronautical mobile service intended for communications, including those relating to flight coordination, primarily outside national or international civil air routes".
Aeronautical mobile-satellite (R)° service is – according to Article 1.36 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «An aeronautical mobile-satellite service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flights, primarily along national or international civil air routes.»
Aeronautical mobile-satellite (OR)°° service is – according to Article 1.37 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «An aeronautical mobile-satellite service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flights, primarily outside national or international civil air routes.»
Standard frequency and time signal-satellite service is, according to Article 1.54 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR), defined as A radiocommunication service using space stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the standard frequency and time signal service.
Broadcasting-satellite service is – according to Article 1.39 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A radiocommunication service in which signals transmitted or retransmitted by space stations are intended for direct reception by the general public. In the broadcasting-satellite service, the term “direct reception” shall encompass both individual reception and community reception.»