| Spain at the 1988 Summer Paralympics | |
|---|---|
 | |
| IPC code | ESP |
| NPC | Spanish Paralympic Committee |
| Website | www |
| in Seoul | |
| Medals |
|
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
Spain won 18 gold medals, 13 silver medals and 12 bronze medals. [1]
In 1988, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming, weightlifting, shooting, table tennis and athletics. [1]
The 1988 Games were held in Seoul, South Korea. [2] The Games used the same venues as the Summer Olympics. [3] Competitors with spinal cord injuries, amputations, cerebral palsy, Les Autres and vision impairments were eligible to compete in these Games. [4]
There were concerns that the number of medals awarded on the final day of competition would mean that competitors would not be able to attend the 1988 Games closing ceremonies where the flag of Spain was to be raised as the host of the next Games. [5]
One of Spain's bronze medals came in archery. It was won by an athlete with a physical disability. [1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's double FITA round open | Tae Sung An  South Korea | Carmelo Scalisi  Belgium | Antonio Rebollo  Spain |
Six of Spain's gold medals, three silver medals and three bronze medals came in athletics. Eight medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, four won by athletes with cerebral palsy, and nine by athletes with physical impairments. [1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 800 m A6/A8–9/L4 | Angel Marin Spain | Harri Jauhiainen  Finland | Jean-Yves Arvier  France |
| 800 m C8 | Robert Biancucci  Australia | Keith Pittman  United States | Javier Salmerón Spain |
| 1500 m A6/A8–9/L4 | Angel Marin Spain | Kai Pirttijärvi Finland | Sameh Ahmed  Egypt |
| 1500 m B2 | Mariano Ruiz Spain | Noel Thatcher  Great Britain | Michel Pavon France |
| 5000 m A6/A8–9/L4 | Angel Marin Spain | Hyun Sik Hwang South Korea | Slobodan Adzic  Yugoslavia |
| 5000 m B2 | Mariano Ruiz Spain | Michel Pavon France | A. Pomykalov  Soviet Union |
| Long jump B1 | Mineho Ozaki  Japan | Antonio Delgado Spain | Victor Riabochtan Soviet Union |
| Triple jump B1 | Mineho Ozaki Japan | Sergei Sevastianov Soviet Union | José Manuel Rodríguez Spain |
| 100 m B1 | Purificacion Santamarta Spain | Bang Wol Kim South Korea | Rossella Inverni  Italy |
| 400 m B1 | Tamara Pankova Soviet Union | Purificacion Santamarta Spain | Rossella Inverni Italy |
| Long jump B1 | Joke van Rijswijk  Netherlands | Purificacion Santamarta Spain | Lori Bennett United States |
Twelve of Spain's gold medals, ten silver medals and eight bronze medals came in swimming. Three medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, nine by athletes with a physical disability and one by an athlete with cerebral palsy. [1]
The 1984 International Games for the Disabled, commonly known as the 1984 Summer Paralympics, were the seventh Paralympic Games to be held. There were two separate competitions: one in Stoke Mandeville, England, United Kingdom for wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injuries and the other at the Mitchel Athletic Complex and Hofstra University on Long Island, New York, United States for wheelchair and ambulatory athletes with cerebral palsy, amputees, and les autres [the others]. Stoke Mandeville had been the location of the Stoke Mandeville Games from 1948 onwards, seen as the precursors to the Paralympic Games, as the 9th International Stoke Mandeville Games in Rome in 1960 are now recognised as the first Summer Paralympics.
Great Britain competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Great Britain sent a delegation of around 400, of which 212 were athletes, to compete in eighteen sports at the Games. The team was made up of athletes from the whole United Kingdom; athletes from Northern Ireland, who may elect to hold Irish citizenship under the pre-1999 article 2 of the Irish constitution, are able to be selected to represent either Great Britain or Ireland at the Paralympics. Additionally some British overseas territories compete separately from Britain in Paralympic competition.
The Summer Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in every event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904.
The Winter Paralympic Games is an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete in snow and ice sports. The event includes athletes with mobility impairments, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Winter Paralympic Games are held every four years directly following the Winter Olympic Games and hosted in the same city. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) oversees the Games. Medals are awarded in each event: with gold for first place, silver for second, and bronze for third, following the tradition that the Olympic Games began in 1904.
Australia has participated officially in every Paralympic Games since its inauguration in 1960 with the exception of the 1976 Winter Paralympics.
Great Britain sent a delegation to compete at the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg, West Germany. Teams from the nation are referred to by International Paralympic Committee (IPC) as Great Britain despite athletes from the whole of the United Kingdom, including those from Northern Ireland, being eligible. They sent seventy two competitors, forty seven male and twenty five female. The team won fifty-two medals—sixteen gold, fifteen silver and twenty-one bronze—to finish third in the medal table behind West Germany and the United States. Philip Craven, the former President of the IPC, competed in athletics, swimming and wheelchair basketball for Great Britain at these Games.
South Africa sent a team to compete at the 1972 Summer Paralympics held in Heidelberg, West Germany, from 2 to 11 August. They sent twenty five competitors, twelve male and thirteen female. The team won forty-one medals—sixteen gold, twelve silver and thirteen bronze—and finished fourth in the medal table.
Australia competed at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea in 16 sports, winning medals in 6 sports. Gold medals were won in three sports – athletics, lawn bowls and swimming. Australia won 95 medals – 23 gold, 34 silver and 38 bronze medals. Australia finished 10th on the gold medal table and 7th on the combined medal table. Australian Confederation of Sports for the Disabled reported another medal ranking after Games with Australia being 2nd ranked in amputee sports, 8th in wheelchair sports, 11th in blind sports and 12th in cerebral palsy sports.
Australia competed at the 1992 Paralympic Games in Barcelona for physically and vision-impaired athletes. Immediately after the Barcelona Games, the city of Madrid held events for athletes with an intellectual disability. The Madrid results are not included in International Paralympic Committee Historical Results Database. Australia finished 7th in the total medal count winning 76 medals. Australia competed in 13 sports and won medals in 3 sports – swimming, athletics and weightlifting. Australia finished first in the medal tally at the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with Mental Handicap in Madrid.
Para-athletics classification is a system to determine which athletes with disabilities may compete against each other in para-athletics events. Classification is intended to group together athletes with similar levels of physical ability to allow fair competition. Classification was created and is managed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), which is regularly published via its IPC Athletics Classification Handbook. People with physical, vision and intellectual disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport at the Summer Paralympics. The classification for this sport was created during the 1940s and for much of its early history was a medical condition based classification system. The classification system has subsequently become a functional mobility based one, and is moving towards an evidence-based classification system.
Para-swimming classification is a function-based classification system designed to allow for fair competition in disability swimming. The classes are prefixed with "S" for freestyle, butterfly and backstroke events, "SB" for breaststroke and "SM" for individual medley events. Swimmers with physical disabilities are divided into ten classes based on their degree of functional disability: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 and S10. The lower number indicates a greater degree of impairment. Those with visual impairments are placed in classes S11, S12 and S13. Class S15 is for athletes with hearing loss. Additional classes may be reserved for swimmers with intellectual impairment: S14, S18 for swimmers with Down Syndrome or class-S14 intellectual impairment combined with a physical impairment, and S19 for swimmers with autism.
Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types. The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
Para-archery classification is the classification system for para-archery used to create a level playing field for archers with a different range of disabilities. Governance in the sport is through the International Archery Federation. Early classification systems for the sport were created during the 1940s and based on medical classification. This has subsequently changed to a functional mobility classification with the exception of blind archery.
In 1992, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming, weightlifting, shooting, boccia, cycling, fencing, judo, tennis, 7-per-side football, table tennis and athletics.
Spain won 22 gold medals, 10 silver medals and 12 bronze medals.
In 1980, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming and athletics.
South Korea competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016.
Namibia competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016.
CP8 is a disability sport classification specific to cerebral palsy. In many sports, it is grouped inside other classifications to allow people with cerebral palsy to compete against people with other different disabilities but deemed to have an equivalent level of functionality.
Kazakhstan competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016. 11 athletes in 5 sports won 2 medals. Zulfiya Gabidullina won gold with World Record in Swimming, Women's freestyle 100 m (S3). Raushan Koyshibayeva won silver in Powerlifting. Kazakhstan athletes finished 58th in medal count.
