Spain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics | |
---|---|
IPC code | ESP |
NPC | Spanish Paralympic Committee |
Website | www |
in Barcelona | |
Medals Ranked 5th |
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Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
In 1992, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming, weightlifting, shooting, boccia, cycling, fencing, judo, tennis, 7-per-side football, table tennis and athletics. [1]
Spain won 34 gold medal, 31 silver medals and 42 bronze medals. [1] Spain finished fifth in total medals. [2]
The Games were held in Barcelona. Competitors with spinal cord injuries, amputations, cerebral palsy, Les Autres and vision impairments were eligible to compete in these Games. [3]
In 1992, the Games were held at home for Spain, with the Games being staged in Barcelona. [4] 82 countries participated. [5] These were the first Games to be broadcast live on television. [6] The Games used the same venues as the Summer Olympics. [7]
Organizers decided to not charge an admission fee to events in order to attempt to foster interest locally in disability sport. [8] Domestically, there was very little interest in the Paralympic Games when compared to the Olympic Games. [2]
A separate competition was held in Madrid where competitors with intellectual disabilities competed that ran immediately following the completion of the 1992 Paralympics. The Games were sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped Spain led efforts to include competitors with intellectual disabilities into the Paralympic movement, creating an international federation for these competitors in 1986. [9] [10] [11]
1 of Spain's silver medals came in archery. It was won by an archer with a physical disability. [1]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's teams open | South Korea (KOR) Hyun Kwan Cho Sung Hee Kim Hak Young Lee | Spain (ESP) Jose Luis Hermosin Jose Fernandez Antonio Rebollo | France (FRA) Jean-Michel Favre Jean Francois Garcia Rene Le Bras |
22 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 12 bronze medals came in athletics. 35 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, 9 by athletes with physical disabilities and 4 by athletes with cerebral palsy. [1]
2 of Spain's gold medals came in boccia. Both were won by players with cerebral palsy. [1]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Mixed individual C1 | Antonio Cid Spain | James Thomson United States | Henrik Jorgensen Denmark |
Mixed team C1–C2 | Spain (ESP) Manuel Fernandez Daniel Outeiro Juan Tellechea Antonio Cid | Denmark (DEN) Henrik Jorgensen Mansoor Siddiqi Lone Bak-Pedersen Tove Jacobsen | Ireland (IRL) Martin McDonagh Thomas Leahy Jason Kearney William Johnston |
1 of Spain's gold medals and 3 bronze medals came in cycling. 2 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, and 2 with physical disabilities. [1]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Jong Kil Kim South Korea |
---|---|---|---|---|
Men's road race LC1 | Francisco Trujillo France | Wolfgang Eibeck Austria | Jose Antonio Garcia Spain | |
Men's road race LC3 | Norbert Zettler Austria | Pier Beltram United States | Miguel Perez Spain | |
Men's tandem open | Germany (GER) Hans-Jorg Furrer Frank Hoefle | Netherlands (NED) Catharinus Beumer Jan Mulder | Spain (ESP) Jose Santiago Juan Carlos Molina | |
Mixed tandem open | Spain (ESP) Ignacio Rodriguez Belen Perez | United States (USA) Elizabeth Heller Gregory Evangelatos | Italy (ITA) Maria Erlacher Klaus Fruet |
1 of Spain's gold medals and 2 bronze medals came in fencing. All were won by fencers with physical disabilities. [1]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Épée 2 | Esther Weber Germany | Mariella Bertini Italy | Gema Victoria Hassen Bey Spain |
Épée 3–4 | Francisca Bazalo Spain | Josette Bourgain France | Laura Presutto Italy |
Team épée | Italy (ITA) Mariella Bertini Rossana Giarrizzo Laura Presutto Deborah Taffoni | France (FRA) Josette Bourgain Patricia Picot Veronique Soetemondt | Spain (ESP) Francisca Bazalo Gema Victoria Hassen Bey Cristina Perez |
1 of Spain's gold medals, 1 silver medal came in athletics. Both were won by athletes with vision impairments. [1]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Men's 65 kg | Juan Damian Matos Spain | Shinichi Ishizue Japan | Akhmed Gazimagomedov Unified Team |
Michael Murch Great Britain | |||
Men's 71 kg | Simon Jackson Great Britain | Mario Talavera Spain | Pier Morten Canada |
Eiji Miyauchi Japan |
1 of Spain's silver medals came in shooting. It was won by a shooter with a physical disability. [1]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Mixed sport pistol SH1–3 | Jan Boonen Belgium | Luis Salgado Spain | Hubert Aufschnaiter Austria |
7 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 22 bronze medals came in swimming. 9 medals were won by swimmers with vision impairments, 28 by swimmers with physical disabilities and 6 by swimmers with cerebral palsy. [1]
3 of Spain's bronze medals came in table tennis. All medals were won by table tennis players with physical disabilities. [1]
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
Open 6–10 | Kimmo Jokinen Finland | Michael Gerke Germany | Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France |
Enrique Agudo Spain | |||
Singles 5 | Kam Shing Kwong Hong Kong | Guy Tisserant France | So Boo Kim South Korea |
Manuel Robles Spain | |||
Singles 10 | Michael Gerke Germany | Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France | Thomas Goeller Austria |
Enrique Agudo Spain |
When Spain played the United States on the second day of competition, 12,500 people were in attendance. Organizers had to turn away 4,000 people who had wanted to attend. [12] Philip Craven, future President of the International Paralympic Committee, played his first Paralympic Games wheelchair basketball at these games when he scored 30 points against the Spanish team. [13]
Australia has competed in every Winter Paralympics. In 1976, the first Games, Australia's sole competitor was Ron Finneran, but he was not an official entrant. In 1980, Kyrra Grunnsund and Peter Rickards became the first official competitors, in alpine and cross-country skiing. The number of Australian athletes increased to three, five, five and six at the next four games, respectively, and all of the athletes were alpine skiers. The participation decreased to four in 1998 and climbed back up to six in 2002. Australia won its first Winter Paralympic medals in 1992, and has medalled at every games since then. All of the medals have been won in alpine skiing.
The Summer Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in every event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904.
The Winter Paralympic Games is an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete in snow and ice sports. The event includes athletes with mobility impairments, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Winter Paralympic Games are held every four years directly following the Winter Olympic Games and hosted in the same city. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) oversees the Games. Medals are awarded in each event: with gold for first place, silver for second, and bronze for third, following the tradition that the Olympic Games began in 1904.
Argentina sent a team to compete at the 1972 Summer Paralympics in Heidelberg, West Germany. They sent twenty one competitors, twelve male and nine female. The team finished twentieth in the medal table and won nine medals, two gold, four silver and three bronze.
Australia competed at the 1992 Paralympic Games in Barcelona for physically and vision-impaired athletes. Immediately after the Barcelona Games, the city of Madrid held events for athletes with an intellectual disability. The Madrid results are not included in International Paralympic Committee Historical Results Database. Australia finished 7th in the total medal count winning 76 medals. Australia competed in 13 sports and won medals in 3 sports – swimming, athletics and weightlifting. Australia finished first in the medal tally at the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with Mental Handicap in Madrid.
Para-athletics classification is a system to determine which athletes with disabilities may compete against each other in para-athletics events. Classification is intended to group together athletes with similar levels of physical ability to allow fair competition. Classification was created and is managed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), which is regularly published via its IPC Athletics Classification Handbook. People with physical, vision and intellectual disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport at the Summer Paralympics. The classification for this sport was created during the 1940s and for much of its early history was a medical condition based classification system. The classification system has subsequently become a functional mobility based one, and is moving towards an evidence-based classification system.
Para-swimming classification is a function-based classification system designed to allow for fair competition in disability swimming. The classes are prefixed with "S" for freestyle, butterfly and backstroke events, "SB" for breaststroke and "SM" for individual medley events. Swimmers with physical disabilities are divided into ten classes based on their degree of functional disability: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 and S10. The lower number indicates a greater degree of impairment. Those with visual impairments are placed in classes S11, S12 and S13. Class S15 is for athletes with hearing loss. Additional classes may be reserved for swimmers with intellectual impairment: S14, S18 for swimmers with Down Syndrome or class-S14 intellectual impairment combined with a physical impairment, and S19 for swimmers with autism.
Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types. The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
Para-alpine skiing classification is the classification system for para-alpine skiing designed to ensure fair competition between alpine skiers with different types of disabilities. The classifications are grouped into three general disability types: standing, blind and sitting. Classification governance is handled by International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing. Prior to that, several sport governing bodies dealt with classification including the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD), International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMWSF), International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) and Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA). Some classification systems are governed by bodies other than International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing, such as the Special Olympics. The sport is open to all competitors with a visual or physical disability. It is not open to people with intellectual disabilities.
Para-Nordic skiing classification is the classification system for para-Nordic skiing which includes the biathlon and cross-country events. The classifications for Para-Nordic skiing mirrors the classifications for Para-Alpine skiing with some exceptions. A functional mobility and medical classification is in use, with skiers being divided into three groups: standing skiers, sit skiers and visually impaired skiers. International classification is governed by International Paralympic Committee, Nordic Skiing (IPC-NS). Other classification is handled by national bodies. Before the IPC-NS took over classification, a number of organizations handled classification based on the type of disability.
Para-archery classification is the classification system for para-archery used to create a level playing field for archers with a different range of disabilities. Governance in the sport is through the International Archery Federation. Early classification systems for the sport were created during the 1940s and based on medical classification. This has subsequently changed to a functional mobility classification with the exception of blind archery.
Paralympic powerlifting classification is the system designed for disability based powerlifting to ensure that there is level competition across a range of disabilities. Categories are broken down based on weight. The sport's classification is governed by International Paralympic Committee Powerlifting. People with physical disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport.
Paralympic Shooting classification is the shooting classification in place for the Paralympic Games to help establish fair competition. Classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee's IPC Shooting. While there are currently three classifications, there were originally five in international competitions. People with physical disabilities as defined by the International Paralympic Committee are eligible to compete.
Disability table tennis classification is the disability sport classification process for para table tennis that is governed by the International Table Tennis Federation. The sport's classifications are open to people with physical and intellectual disabilities.
Para-equestrian classification is a system for para-equestrian sport. It is a graded system based on the degree of physical or visual disability and handled at the international level by the FEI. The sport has eligible classifications for people with physical and vision disabilities. Groups of eligible riders include The sport is open to competitors with impaired muscle power, athetosis, impaired passive range of movement, hypertonia, limb deficiency, ataxia, leg length difference, short stature, and vision impairment. They are grouped into five different classes to allow fair competition. These classes are Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV, and Grade V(Grade Names Changed as of Jan 2017). The para-equestrian classification does not consider the gender of the rider, as equestrines compete in mixed gender competitions.
Boccia classification is the classification system governing boccia, a sport designed specifically for people with disabilities. Classification is handled by Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. There are four classifications for this sport. All four classes are eligible to compete at the Paralympic Games.
Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events. One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities.
Spain won 18 gold medals, 13 silver medals and 12 bronze medals.
Spain won 22 gold medals, 10 silver medals and 12 bronze medals.
In 1980, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming and athletics.