Swimming at the IX Paralympic Games | |
---|---|
Venue | Piscines Bernat Picornell |
Dates | 4 to 13 September 1992 |
Swimming at the 1992 Summer Paralympics consisted of 163 events, 88 for men and 75 for women. Because of ties for third place in the women's 50 metre freestyle B3 and men's 50 metre freestyle B2 events, a total of 165 bronze medals were awarded.
Starting in 1992, there was a move away from Les Autres specific classifications to functional based classification systems at the Paralympic Games. [1] [2] This was realized in swimming, where Les Autres sportspeople competed directly against people with other disabilities including cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries and amputations. [2] As a result, the 1992 Games saw the total number of classes for people with physical disabilities drop from 31 to 10. [3] Still, swimming, athletics and table tennis used a classification system for the Barcelona Games that was still mostly medical based. [4] [5] [6] [7]
This medal table includes also the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap, which held by the same organizing committee, and is part of same event, but in Madrid, between 15 and 22 September in the same year. [8]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States (USA) | 29 | 16 | 12 | 57 |
2 | Great Britain (GBR) | 22 | 27 | 19 | 68 |
3 | Australia (AUS) | 21 | 19 | 19 | 59 |
4 | Germany (GER) | 20 | 13 | 13 | 46 |
5 | France (FRA) | 17 | 13 | 12 | 42 |
6 | Norway (NOR) | 13 | 10 | 3 | 26 |
7 | Iceland (ISL) | 13 | 8 | 16 | 37 |
8 | Canada (CAN) | 10 | 5 | 9 | 24 |
9 | Sweden (SWE) | 8 | 23 | 12 | 43 |
10 | Spain (ESP) | 7 | 14 | 24 | 45 |
11 | Unified Team (EUN) | 7 | 3 | 5 | 15 |
12 | Denmark (DEN) | 5 | 9 | 9 | 23 |
13 | Netherlands (NED) | 4 | 8 | 5 | 17 |
14 | New Zealand (NZL) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
15 | Hungary (HUN) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
16 | China (CHN) | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
17 | Romania (ROM) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
18 | Poland (POL) | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
19 | Finland (FIN) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
20 | Italy (ITA) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
21 | Argentina (ARG) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
22 | Independent Paralympic Participants (IPP) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
23 | Egypt (EGY) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
24 | South Africa (RSA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
25 | Israel (ISR) | 0 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
26 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
27 | Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
Uruguay (URU) | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | |
29 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Estonia (EST) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
31 | Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Faroe Islands (FRO) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Ireland (IRL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
34 | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
35 | Mexico (MEX) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
36 | Portugal (POR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (36 entries) | 199 | 194 | 199 | 592 |
Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics consisted of 239 events, 152 for men and 62 for women. Because of a tie in the first position of the men's 100m in class B1 and another tie also happened in the third place of the high jump event in the B2 class for men, 240 gold medals, 238 silver and 240 bronze were awarded.
S8, SB7, SM8 are para-swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.
S10, SB9, SM10 are para-swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. Swimmers in this class tend to have minimal weakness affecting their legs, missing feet, a missing leg below the knee or problems with their hips. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.
S9, SB8, SM9 are para-swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. Swimmers in this class generally have severe weakness in one leg. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.
S7, SB6, SM7 are para-swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. Swimmers in this class have use of their arms and trunk. They have limited leg function or are missing a leg or parts of both legs. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.
S6, SB5, SM6 are para-swimming classifications used for categorising swimmers based on their level of disability. This class includes people with a number of different types of disability including short stature, major limb impairment or loss in two limbs. This includes people with cerebral palsy, people with dwarfism and amputees. The class competes at the Paralympic Games.
T46 and F46 are disability sport classification for disability athletics. People in this class have a single below or above the elbow amputation. The amputee sports equivalent class is ISOD the A6 and A8 classes. People in this class can have injuries as a result of over use of their remaining upper limb. The classification process to be included in this class has four parts: a medical exam, observation during training, observation during competition and then being classified into this class.
Disability sports classification is a system that allows for fair competition between people with different types of disabilities.
LC1 is a para-cycling classification. It includes a number of types of people with disabilities including people with amputation and spinal cord injuries that are mostly confined to the upper limbs. This class includes people from the ISOD A5 class, A6 class, A7 class and A8 class.
Para-athletics classification is a system to determine which athletes with disabilities may compete against each other in para-athletics events. Classification is intended to group together athletes with similar levels of physical ability to allow fair competition. Classification was created and is managed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), which is regularly published via its IPC Athletics Classification Handbook. People with physical, vision and intellectual disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport at the Summer Paralympics. The classification for this sport was created during the 1940s and for much of its early history was a medical condition based classification system. The classification system has subsequently become a functional mobility based one, and is moving towards an evidence-based classification system.
Para-swimming classification is a function-based classification system designed to allow for fair competition in disability swimming. The classes are prefixed with "S" for freestyle, butterfly and backstroke events, "SB" for breaststroke and "SM" for individual medley events. Swimmers with physical disabilities are divided into ten classes based on their degree of functional disability: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 and S10. The lower number indicates a greater degree of impairment. Those with visual impairments are placed in classes S11, S12 and S13. Class S15 is for athletes with hearing loss. Additional classes may be reserved for swimmers with intellectual impairment: S14, S18 for swimmers with Down Syndrome or class-S14 intellectual impairment combined with a physical impairment, and S19 for swimmers with autism.
Nigeria competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016. Nigeria's delegation of 23 sportspeople was mostly composed of powerlifters, with the country sending 14 lifters to Rio. Ahead of the Rio Games, the National Sports Commission promised Paralympic medals to erase the country's Olympic shame.
A5 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD).for people with acquired or congenital amputations. A5 sportspeople are people who have both arms amputated above or through the elbow joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, lawn bowls, and sitzball.
A6 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) for people with acquired or congenital amputations. People in this class have one arm amputated above or through the elbow joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, amputee basketball, amputee football, lawn bowls, and sitzball.
A7 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) for people with acquired or congenital amputations. A7 sportspeople have both arms amputated below the elbow, but through or above the wrist joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, lawn bowls, and sitzball.
A8 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD).for people with acquired or congenital amputations. People in this class have one arm amputated below the elbow, but through or above the wrist joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, amputee basketball, amputee football, lawn bowls, and sitzball.
A9 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD).for people with acquired or congenital amputations. People in this class have combination of amputations of the upper and lower extremities. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including energy costs, balance and potential for overuse of muscles. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, sitting volleyball, amputee basketball, lawn bowls, sitzball and wheelchair basketball.
Les Autres sport classification is system used in disability sport for people with locomotor disabilities not included in other classification systems for people with physical disabilities. The purpose of this system is to facilitate fair competition between people with different types of disabilities, and to give credibility to disability sports. It was designed and managed by International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) until the 2005 merger with IWAS, when management switched to that organization. Classification is handled on the national level by relevant sport organizations.
SS2 is a Les Autres sport classification ambulatory class for people with short stature. Eligible males have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 200 centimetres (79 in). Eligible female have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 190 centimetres (75 in). Internationally, governance for this sport is handled by IWAS, following the 2005 merger of ISMWSF and ISOD. Classification is handled nationally by relevant national organizations. People in this class can participate in a number of sports including athletics, swimming, and para-equestrian.
SS1 is a Les Autres sport classification is an ambulatory class for people with short stature. Eligible males have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 180 centimetres (71 in). Eligible female have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 173 centimetres (68 in).