Swimming at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

Last updated

Swimming
at the IX Paralympic Games
Swimming - Paralympic pictogram.svg
Venue Piscines Bernat Picornell
Dates4 to 14 September,1992
1988
1996

Swimming at the 1992 Summer Paralympics consisted of 163 events, 88 for men and 75 for women. Because of ties for third place in the women's 50 metre freestyle B3 and men's 50 metre freestyle B2 events, a total of 165 bronze medals were awarded.

Contents

Starting in 1992, there was a move away from Les Autres specific classifications to functional based classification systems at the Paralympic Games. [1] [2] This was realized in swimming, where Les Autres sportspeople competed directly against people with other disabilities including cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries and amputations. [2] As a result, the 1992 Games saw the total number of classes for people with physical disabilities drop from 31 to 10. [3] Still, swimming, athletics and table tennis used a classification system for the Barcelona Games that was still mostly medical based. [4] [5] [6] [7]

This medal table includes also the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap, which held by the same organizing committee, and is part of same event, but in Madrid, between 15 and 22 September in the same year. [8]

Medal table

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)29161257
2Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)22271968
3Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)21191959
4Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)20131346
5Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)17131242
6Flag of Norway.svg  Norway  (NOR)1310326
7Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland  (ISL)1381637
8Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)105924
9Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden  (SWE)8231243
10Flag of Spain.svg  Spain  (ESP)7142445
11Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team  (EUN)73515
12Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark  (DEN)59923
13Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands  (NED)48517
14Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand  (NZL)4105
15Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary  (HUN)3227
16Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China  (CHN)3137
17Flag of Romania.svg  Romania  (ROM)3104
18Flag of Poland.svg  Poland  (POL)2428
19Flag of Finland.svg  Finland  (FIN)2147
20Flag of Italy.svg  Italy  (ITA)2013
21Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina  (ARG)1326
22Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Independent Paralympic Participants  (IPP)1102
23Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt  (EGY)1023
24Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg  South Africa  (RSA)1001
25Flag of Israel.svg  Israel  (ISR)0358
26Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan  (JPN)0246
27Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland  (SUI)0145
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay  (URU)0145
29Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium  (BEL)0112
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia  (EST)0112
31Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba  (CUB)0101
Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg  Faroe Islands  (FRO)0101
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland  (IRL)0101
34Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil  (BRA)0033
35Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico  (MEX)0022
36Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal  (POR)0011
Totals (36 entries)199194199592

Participating nations

Medal summary

Men's events

EventGoldSilverBronze
50 m backstroke S2
details
Peter Hull
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
James Anderson
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Alan McGregor
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
50 m backstroke S3
details
Tommy Hunter
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Jean-Louis Flamengo
Flag of France.svg  France
Genezi Alves
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
50 m backstroke S4
details
Pierre Bellot
Flag of France.svg  France
Thierry Grand
Flag of France.svg  France
Albert Bakaev
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
50 m backstroke S5
details
Zsolt Vereczkei
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Krzysztof Sleczka
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Pascal Pinard
Flag of France.svg  France
50 m breaststroke SB2
details
Nenad Krisanovic
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Independent Paralympic Participants
Lars Luerig
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
James Thompson
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
50 m butterfly S3–4
details
Pierre Bellot
Flag of France.svg  France
Nenad Krisanovic
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Independent Paralympic Participants
Eduardo Wanderley
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
50 m butterfly S5
details
Pascal Pinard
Flag of France.svg  France
Thierry le Gloanic
Flag of France.svg  France
Javier Torres
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
50 m butterfly S6
details
David Foppolo
Flag of France.svg  France
Peter Lund
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Jesus Iglesias
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
50 m butterfly S7
details
Omar Abd Ellatif
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
Joop Stokkel
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Daniel Kunzi
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland
50 m freestyle B1
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Junichi Kawai
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
Izhar Cohen
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
50 m freestyle B2
details
Christopher Holmes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Pablo Corral
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Kingsley Bugarin
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Fredrik Nasman
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
50 m freestyle B3
details
Vladimir Chesnov
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Flemming Berthelsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
50 m freestyle S2
details
Peter Hull
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
James Anderson
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Alan McGregor
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
50 m freestyle S3
details
Jean-Louis Flamengo
Flag of France.svg  France
Jordi Pascual
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Tommy Hunter
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
50 m freestyle S4
details
Pierre Bellot
Flag of France.svg  France
Gene Viens
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Pau Marc Munoz
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
50 m freestyle S5
details
William McQueen
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Krzysztof Sleczka
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Pascal Pinard
Flag of France.svg  France
50 m freestyle S6
details
Peter Lund
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Jesus Iglesias
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Kevin Sullivan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
50 m freestyle S7
details
Janos Becsey
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Daniel Kunzi
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland
Omar Abd Ellatif
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
50 m freestyle S8
details
Johan Siqveland
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Erling Trondsen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Holger Kimmig
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
50 m freestyle S9
details
Donnie Keller
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Hanoch Budin
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
Brendan Burkett
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
50 m freestyle S10
details
Gianluca Saini
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Ernesto Garrido
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Jochen Hahnengress
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m backstroke B1
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Daniel Kelly
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Junichi Kawai
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
100 m backstroke B2
details
Christopher Holmes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Ziv Better
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
Wieslaw Krol
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
100 m backstroke B3
details
Michael Edgson
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Kieran Modra
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
100 m backstroke S6
details
David Foppolo
Flag of France.svg  France
Peter Lund
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Matthias Schlubeck
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m backstroke S7
details
Joop Stokkel
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Eric Lindmann
Flag of France.svg  France
Frederic Delpy
Flag of France.svg  France
100 m backstroke S8
details
Geert Jaehrig
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Holger Kimmig
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Kasper Hansen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
100 m backstroke S9
details
Helge Bjoernstad
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Detlef Schmidt
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Fredy Widmer
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland
100 m backstroke S10
details
Alwin de Groot
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Marc Woods
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Eran Shemesh
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
100 m breaststroke B1
details
Christian Bundgaard
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Jordi Mari
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m breaststroke B2
details
Vitalii Krylov
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
Kingsley Bugarin
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Jose Pedrajas
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m breaststroke B3
details
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Ivan Nielsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Flemming Berthelsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
100 m breaststroke SB3
details
Bernd Eickemeyer
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
John Petersson
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Javier Torres
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m breaststroke SB4
details
Pascal Pinard
Flag of France.svg  France
Gregory Burns
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Arkadiusz Pawlowski
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
100 m breaststroke SB5
details
Tadhg Slattery
Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg  South Africa
Cornelis Engel
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Eric Lindmann
Flag of France.svg  France
100 m breaststroke SB6
details
Matthias Schlubeck
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Simon Ahlstad
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Juan Castane
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m breaststroke SB7
details
Joop Stokkel
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Laurentius van Geel
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Janos Becsey
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
100 m breaststroke SB8
details
Iain Mathew
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Holger Woelk
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Jan-Marcin Miroslaw
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m breaststroke SB9
details
Geir Sverrisson
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
Paul Noble
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Rutger Sturkenboom
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
100 m breaststroke SB10
details
Jochen Hahnengress
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Stefan Loeffler
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Nikolay Rogozhin
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
100 m butterfly B1–2
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Tim Reddish
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Pablo Corral
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m butterfly B3
details
Michael Edgson
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Ian Sharpe
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Vladimir Chesnov
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
100 m butterfly S8
details
Erling Trondsen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Zebing Liu
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Moises Galindo
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
100 m butterfly S9
details
Olafur Eiriksson
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
Aleksei Kapoura
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
Fredy Widmer
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland
100 m butterfly S10
details
David Moreton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Jason Diederich
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Paul Noble
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
100 m freestyle B1
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Junichi Kawai
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
Daniel Kelly
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
100 m freestyle B2
details
Christopher Holmes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Pablo Corral
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Tim Reddish
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
100 m freestyle B3
details
Vladimir Chesnov
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
Flemming Berthelsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
100 m freestyle S2
details
Peter Hull
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
James Anderson
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Alan McGregor
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
100 m freestyle S3
details
Jean-Louis Flamengo
Flag of France.svg  France
Tommy Hunter
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Jordi Pascual
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m freestyle S4
details
Pierre Bellot
Flag of France.svg  France
Pau Marc Munoz
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Stig Morten Sandvik
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
100 m freestyle S5
details
Pascal Pinard
Flag of France.svg  France
Krzysztof Sleczka
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Roberto Valori
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
100 m freestyle S6
details
Peter Lund
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Kevin Sullivan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Jesus Iglesias
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m freestyle S7
details
Janos Becsey
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Frederic Delpy
Flag of France.svg  France
Eric Lindmann
Flag of France.svg  France
100 m freestyle S8
details
Johan Siqveland
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Erling Trondsen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Holger Kimmig
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m freestyle S9
details
Holger Woelk
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Donnie Keller
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Olafur Eiriksson
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
100 m freestyle S10
details
Gianluca Saini
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Alwin de Groot
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
David Moreton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
150 m individual medley SM3
details
Jean-Louis Flamengo
Flag of France.svg  France
Kenneth Cairns
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Jordi Pascual
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
150 m individual medley SM4
details
Krzysztof Sleczka
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Javier Torres
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
John Petersson
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
200 m backstroke B1
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Daniel Kelly
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Junichi Kawai
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
200 m backstroke B2
details
Christopher Holmes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Juan Diego Gil
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Ziv Better
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
200 m backstroke B3
details
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Michael Edgson
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Kieran Modra
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
200 m breaststroke B1
details
Christian Bundgaard
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Daniel Kelly
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
200 m breaststroke B2
details
Vitalii Krylov
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
Kingsley Bugarin
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Jose Pedrajas
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
200 m breaststroke B3
details
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Ivan Nielsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Flemming Berthelsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
200 m freestyle S6
details
Peter Lund
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Jeremy Gervan
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Jesus Iglesias
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
200 m individual medley B1
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Daniel Kelly
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Junichi Kawai
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
200 m individual medley B2
details
Christopher Holmes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Kingsley Bugarin
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Pablo Corral
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
200 m individual medley B3
details
Michael Edgson
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Andreas Strand
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
200 m individual medley SM5
details
Pascal Pinard
Flag of France.svg  France
Peter Lund
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Ivanildo Alves
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
200 m individual medley SM6
details
Eric Lindmann
Flag of France.svg  France
Sebastian Xhrouet
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
Roger Vial
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
200 m individual medley SM7
details
Joop Stokkel
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Simon Ahlstad
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Daniel Kunzi
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland
200 m individual medley SM8
details
Jason Wening
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Erling Trondsen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Moises Galindo
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
200 m individual medley SM9
details
Helge Bjoernstad
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Aleksei Kapoura
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
Olafur Eiriksson
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
200 m individual medley SM10
details
Paul Noble
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Alwin de Groot
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Stephen Simmonds
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
400 m freestyle B1
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Daniel Kelly
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Birkir Gunnarsson
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
400 m freestyle B2
details
Christopher Holmes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Ziv Better
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
Daniel Llambrich
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
400 m freestyle B3
details
Andreas Strand
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Flemming Berthelsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Ivan Nielsen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
400 m freestyle S7
details
Eric Lindmann
Flag of France.svg  France
Frederic Delpy
Flag of France.svg  France
Omar Abd Ellatif
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
400 m freestyle S8
details
Jason Wening
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Johan Siqveland
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Holger Kimmig
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
400 m freestyle S9
details
Olafur Eiriksson
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
Helge Bjoernstad
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Andrew Haley
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
400 m freestyle S10
details
David Moreton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Paul Noble
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Alwin de Groot
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
400 m individual medley B1–2
details
John Morgan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Christopher Holmes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Ziv Better
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
400 m individual medley B3
details
Michael Edgson
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Noel Pedersen
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Vladimir Chesnov
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
4×50 m freestyle relay S1–6
details
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain  (ESP)
Juan Fuertes
Javier Torres
Roger Vial
Jesus Iglesias
Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)
Pascal Pinard
Eric Lindmann
Thierry le Gloanic
David Foppolo
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)
William McQueen
Mark Butler
Andrew Stubbs
Kevin Walsh
4×50 m medley relay S1–6
details
Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)
Thierry le Gloanic
Eric Lindmann
David Foppolo
Pascal Pinard
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain  (ESP)
Juan Fuertes
Javier Torres
Juan Castane
Jesus Iglesias
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Gary Bogue
Gregory Burns
Daniel Butler
Kevin Sullivan
4 × 100 m freestyle relay S7–10
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Mark Whitlock
Jason Wening
Michael Doyle
Donnie Keller
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)
Holger Woelk
Jochen Hahnengress
Holger Kimmig
Raimund Patzelt
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel  (ISR)
Hanoch Budin
Shalom Ayger
Shlomo Pinard
Eran Shemesh
4 × 100 m medley relay S7–10
details
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)
Geert Jaehrig
Jochen Hahnengress
Detlef Schmidt
Holger Woelk
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands  (NED)
Rutger Sturkenboom
Andre van Buiten
Joop Stokkel
Alwin de Groot
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Donnie Keller
Jason Wening
Mark Whitlock
Michael Doyle

Women's events

EventGoldSilverBronze
50 m backstroke S2
details
Sonia Guirado
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Mairead Berry
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
Sandrine Serres
Flag of France.svg  France
50 m backstroke S3–4
details
Arancha Gonzalez
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
M. Paz Montserrat
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Susana Carvalheira
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal
50 m backstroke S5
details
Jenny Newstead
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Ritva Nikkila
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
Anne Cecile Lequien
Flag of France.svg  France
50 m breaststroke SB2
details
Tara Flood
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Regina Cachan
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Frouwkje Harkema
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
50 m butterfly S3–4
details
Tracy Barrell
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Regina Cachan
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Jaenette Bouma
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
50 m butterfly S5
details
Sanna Huttunen
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
Genevieve Pairoux
Flag of France.svg  France
Anne-Dorte Andersen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
50 m butterfly S6
details
Beate Schretzmann
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Katalin Engelhardt
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Diana Zambo
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
50 m butterfly S7
details
Eva Nesheim
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Gerda Lampers
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Nora Bednarski
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
50 m freestyle B1
details
Janice Burton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Yvette Weicker
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Eeva Riitta Fingerroos
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
50 m freestyle B2
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Marge Kõrkjas
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia
Danae Sweetapple
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
50 m freestyle B3
details
Elizabeth Scott
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Yvonne Hopf
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Marie Claire Ross
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Heidi Schetter
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
50 m freestyle S2
details
Liv Tone Lind
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Sandrine Serres
Flag of France.svg  France
Sonia Guirado
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
50 m freestyle S3–4
details
Arancha Gonzalez
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
M. Paz Montserrat
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Tara Flood
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
50 m freestyle S5
details
Jenny Newstead
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Genevieve Pairoux
Flag of France.svg  France
Sanna Huttunen
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
50 m freestyle S6
details
Lena-Marie Hagman
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Camille Waddell
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Anne Currie
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
50 m freestyle S7
details
Daniela Pohl
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Beverley Gull
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Tracey Oliver
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
50 m freestyle S8
details
Priya Cooper
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Britta Siegers
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Brenda Smith
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
50 m freestyle S9
details
Clare Bishop
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Beate Lobenstein
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Lilja Snorradottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
50 m freestyle S10
details
Claudia Hengst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Judith Young
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Karen Norris
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
100 m backstroke B1
details
Janice Burton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Tracey Cross
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Eeva Riitta Fingerroos
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
100 m backstroke B2
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Gabriella Tjernberg
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Danae Sweetapple
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
100 m backstroke B3
details
Elizabeth Scott
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Yvonne Hopf
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Rut Sverrisdottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
100 m backstroke S6
details
Xiangrong Zhou
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Lena-Marie Hagman
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Corinne D'Urzo
Flag of France.svg  France
100 m backstroke S7
details
Daniela Pohl
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Edyta Okoczuk
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
M. Therese Crespo
Flag of France.svg  France
100 m backstroke S8
details
Britta Siegers
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Priya Cooper
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Kristin Hakonardottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
100 m backstroke S9
details
Jacqueline Nannenberg
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Clare Bishop
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Lilja Snorradottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
100 m backstroke S10
details
Sarah Bailey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Claudia Hengst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Dianne Barr
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
100 m breaststroke B1–2
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Gabriella Tjernberg
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Carine van Puyvelde
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
100 m breaststroke B3
details
Mandy Maywood
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Marie Claire Ross
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Natalia Parshina
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
100 m breaststroke SB3
details
Genevieve Pairoux
Flag of France.svg  France
Margaret McEleny
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Michiko Katagiri
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
100 m breaststroke SB4
details
Outi Hokkanen
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Jenny Newstead
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Ana Martin
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m breaststroke SB5
details
Camille Waddell
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Gerda Lampers
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Jody Houston
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
100 m breaststroke SB6–7
details
Britta Siegers
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Heidi Kopp
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Beate Schretzmann
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m breaststroke SB8
details
Joanne Mucz
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Aniko Laki
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Tieyin Shi
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
100 m breaststroke SB9
details
Begona Reina
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Kristina Brokholc
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Beate Lobenstein
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m butterfly B1
details
Eeva Riitta Fingerroos
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
Janice Burton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Xue Zhou
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
100 m butterfly B2–3
details
Elizabeth Scott
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Yvonne Hopf
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m butterfly S8
details
Laura Tramuns
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Silvia Vives
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Asa Wilhelmsson
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
100 m butterfly S9
details
Joanne Mucz
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Kelly Barnes
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Lilja Snorradottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
100 m butterfly S10
details
Claudia Hengst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Ana Bernardo
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Judith Young
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
100 m freestyle B1
details
Tracey Cross
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Janice Burton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Eeva Riitta Fingerroos
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
100 m freestyle B2
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Danae Sweetapple
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Marge Kõrkjas
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia
100 m freestyle B3
details
Elizabeth Scott
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Heidi Schetter
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Yvonne Hopf
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
100 m freestyle S2
details
Liv Tone Lind
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Sandrine Serres
Flag of France.svg  France
Sonia Guirado
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m freestyle S3–4
details
Arancha Gonzalez
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Tara Flood
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
M. Paz Montserrat
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
100 m freestyle S5
details
Jenny Newstead
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Anne-Dorte Andersen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
Genevieve Pairoux
Flag of France.svg  France
100 m freestyle S6
details
Anne Currie
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Lena-Marie Hagman
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Sandra Yaxley
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
100 m freestyle S7
details
Daniela Pohl
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Eva Nesheim
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Beverley Gull
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
100 m freestyle S8
details
Priya Cooper
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Britta Siegers
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Rebeccah Bornemann
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
100 m freestyle S9
details
Joanne Mucz
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Clare Bishop
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Lilja Snorradottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
100 m freestyle S10
details
Claudia Hengst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Tora Vid Keldu
Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg  Faroe Islands
Sarah Bailey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
200 m backstroke B1–2
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Gabriella Tjernberg
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Tracey Jones
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
200 m breaststroke B1–3
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Natalia Parshina
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
Mandy Maywood
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
200 m freestyle S6
details
Anne Currie
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Lena-Marie Hagman
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Xiangrong Zhou
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
200 m individual medley B1
details
Janice Burton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Tracey Cross
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Louise Byles
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
200 m individual medley B2
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Gabriella Tjernberg
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Olga Melnikova
Paralympic flag (1988-1994).svg  Unified Team
200 m individual medley B3
details
Yvonne Hopf
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Heidi Schetter
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Rut Sverrisdottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
200 m individual medley SM5
details
Jenny Newstead
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Outi Hokkanen
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Anne-Dorte Andersen
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
200 m individual medley SM6–7
details
Priya Cooper
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Hadda Guerchouche
Flag of France.svg  France
Lena-Marie Hagman
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
200 m individual medley SM8
details
Britta Siegers
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Kristin Hakonardottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
Heidi Kopp
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
200 m individual medley SM9
details
Joanne Mucz
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Kelly Barnes
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Beate Lobenstein
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
200 m individual medley SM10
details
Sarah Bailey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Claudia Hengst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Judith Young
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
400 m freestyle B1
details
Tracey Cross
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Janice Burton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Mary Ann Low
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
400 m freestyle B2–3
details
Elizabeth Scott
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Heidi Schetter
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
400 m freestyle S7
details
Eva Nesheim
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Beverley Gull
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Aicha Chouachi
Flag of France.svg  France
400 m freestyle S8
details
Britta Siegers
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Priya Cooper
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Rebeccah Bornemann
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
400 m freestyle S9
details
Joanne Mucz
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Lilja Snorradottir
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
Carolina Saenz
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
400 m freestyle S10
details
Claudia Hengst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Sarah Bailey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Ana Bernardo
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
400 m individual medley B1–3
details
Trischa Zorn
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Heidi Schetter
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Tracey Jones
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
4×50 m freestyle relay S1–6
details
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)
Sandra Yaxley
Tracy Barrell
Catherine Huggett
Anne Currie
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden  (SWE)
Lena-Marie Hagman
Outi Hokkanen
Pernilla Nilsson
Anne-Lie Osterstrom
Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)
Corinne D'Urzo
Anne Cecile Lequien
Aicha Chouachi
Genevieve Pairoux
4×50 m medley relay S1–6
details
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden  (SWE)
Anne-Lie Osterstrom
Marie-Louise Freij
Outi Hokkanen
Lena-Marie Hagman
Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)
Anne Cecile Lequien
Genevieve Pairoux
Aicha Chouachi
Corinne D'Urzo
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)
Tara Flood
Jeanette Esling
Margaret McEleny
Jane Stidever
4 × 100 m freestyle relay B1–3
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Trischa Zorn
Heidi Schetter
Donna Brown
Elizabeth Scott
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)
Janice Danby
Heather Millar
Judith Jones
Janice Burton
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)
Carla Qualtrough
Nancy Irvine
Yvette Weicker
Marie Claire Ross
4 × 100 m freestyle relay S7–10
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Brenda Smith
Diane Straub
Carolina Saenz
Karen Norris
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)
Sarah Bailey
Victoria Sims
Beverley Gull
Clare Bishop
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)
Claudia Hengst
Daniela Sjoberg
Beate Lobenstein
Britta Siegers
4 × 100 m medley relay B1–3
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Trischa Zorn
Elizabeth Scott
Heidi Schetter
Donna Brown
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)
Heather Millar
Janice Danby
Louise Byles
Tracey Jones
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)
Nancy Irvine
Carla Qualtrough
Marie Claire Ross
Yvette Weicker
4 × 100 m medley relay S7–10
details
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)
Britta Siegers
Beate Lobenstein
Claudia Hengst
Daniela Sjoberg
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)
Beverley Gull
Clare Bishop
Sarah Bailey
Victoria Sims
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain  (ESP)
Silvia Vives
Begona Reina
Ana Bernardo
Tania Cerda

Related Research Articles

Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics consisted of 239 events, 152 for men and 62 for women. Because of a tie in the first position of the men's 100m in class B1 and another tie also happened in the third place of the high jump event in the b2 class for men. 240 gold medals, 238 silver and 240 bronze were awarded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S8 (classification)</span> Disability swimming classification

S8, SB7, SM8 are disability swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.

S10, SB9, SM10 are disability swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. Swimmers in this class tend to have minimal weakness affecting their legs, missing feet, a missing leg below the knee or problems with their hips. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.

S8, SB8, SM8 are disability swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. Swimmers in this class generally have severe weakness in one leg. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S7 (classification)</span>

S7, SB6, SM7 are disability swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. Swimmers in this class have use of their arms and trunk. They have limited leg function or are missing a leg or parts of both legs. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.

S6, SB5, SM6 are disability swimming classifications used for categorising swimmers based on their level of disability. This class includes people with a number of different types of disability including short stature, major limb impairment or loss in two limbs. This includes people with cerebral palsy, people with dwarfism and amputees. The class competes at the Paralympic Games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T46 (classification)</span> Para-athletics classification

T46 and F46 are disability sport classification for disability athletics. People in this class have a single below or above the elbow amputation. The amputee sports equivalent class is ISOD the A6 and A8 classes. People in this class can have injuries as a result of over use of their remaining upper limb. The classification process to be included in this class has four parts: a medical exam, observation during training, observation during competition and then being classified into this class.

Disability sports classification is a system that allows for fair competition between people with different types of disabilities.

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Para-swimming classification is a function-based classification system designed to allow for fair competition in disability swimming. The classes are prefixed with "S" for freestyle, butterfly and backstroke events, "SB" for breaststroke and "SM" for individual medley events. Swimmers with physical disabilities are divided into ten classes based on their degree of functional disability: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 and S10. The lower number indicates a greater degree of impairment. Those with visual impairments are placed in three additional classes: S11, S12 and S13. One more class, S14, is reserved for swimmers with intellectual impairment. A final class, S15, is for athletes with hearing loss.

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Nigeria competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016. Nigeria's delegation of 23 sportspeople was mostly composed of powerlifters, with the country sending 14 lifters to Rio. Ahead of the Rio Games, the National Sports Commission promised Paralympic medals to erase the country's Olympic shame.

A2 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD).for people with acquired or congenital amputations. A2 sportspeople have one leg amputated above the knee. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including having balance issues, increased energy costs, higher rates of oxygen consumption, and issues with their gait.

A5 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD).for people with acquired or congenital amputations. A5 sportspeople are people who have both arms amputated above or through the elbow joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, lawn bowls, and sitzball.

A6 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) for people with acquired or congenital amputations. People in this class have one arm amputated above or through the elbow joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, amputee basketball, amputee football, lawn bowls, and sitzball.

A7 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) for people with acquired or congenital amputations. A7 sportspeople have both arms amputated below the elbow, but through or above the wrist joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, lawn bowls, and sitzball.

A8 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD).for people with acquired or congenital amputations. People in this class have one arm amputated below the elbow, but through or above the wrist joint. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including being more prone to overuse injuries. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, cycling, amputee basketball, amputee football, lawn bowls, and sitzball.

A9 is an amputee sport classification used by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD).for people with acquired or congenital amputations. People in this class have combination of amputations of the upper and lower extremities. Their amputations impact their sport performance, including energy costs, balance and potential for overuse of muscles. Sports people in this class are eligible to participate in include athletics, swimming, sitting volleyball, amputee basketball, lawn bowls, sitzball and wheelchair basketball.

Les Autres sport classification is system used in disability sport for people with locomotor disabilities not included in other classification systems for people with physical disabilities. The purpose of this system is to facilitate fair competition between people with different types of disabilities, and to give credibility to disability sports. It was designed and managed by International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) until the 2005 merger with IWAS, when management switched to that organization. Classification is handled on the national level by relevant sport organizations.

SS2 is a Les Autres sport classification ambulatory class for people with short stature. Eligible males have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 200 centimetres (79 in). Eligible female have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 190 centimetres (75 in). Internationally, governance for this sport is handled by IWAS, following the 2005 merger of ISMWSF and ISOD. Classification is handled nationally by relevant national organizations. People in this class can participate in a number of sports including athletics, swimming, and para-equestrian.

SS1 is a Les Autres sport classification is an ambulatory class for people with short stature. Eligible males have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 180 centimetres (71 in). Eligible female have a standing height and arm length that added together are equal to or less than 173 centimetres (68 in).

References

  1. Thomas, Nigel (2002). "Sport and Disability" (PDF). pp. 105–124. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  2. 1 2 Richter, Kenneth J.; Adams-Mushett, Carol; Ferrara, Michael S.; McCann, B. Cairbre (1992). "lntegrated Swimming Classification : A Faulted System" (PDF). Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 9: 5–13. doi:10.1123/apaq.9.1.5 . Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  3. Gilbert, Keith; Schantz, Otto J.; Schantz, Otto (2008-01-01). The Paralympic Games: Empowerment Or Side Show?. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. ISBN   9781841262659.
  4. Bailey, Steve (2008-02-28). Athlete First: A History of the Paralympic Movement. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   9780470724316.
  5. Brittain, Ian (2016-07-01). The Paralympic Games Explained: Second Edition. Routledge. ISBN   9781317404156.
  6. Vanlandewijck, Yves C.; Thompson, Walter R. (2016-06-01). Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   9781119045120.
  7. DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995). Disability and sport . Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p.  128. ISBN   0873228480. OCLC   31710003.
  8. "Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot!". Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com. 25 June 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.