This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(January 2018) |
St. Francis Xavier Cathedral | |
---|---|
The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Francis Xavier | |
Катэдральны касцёл Святога Францішка Ксавэрыя | |
Location | Grodno |
Country | Belarus |
Denomination | Roman Catholic |
History | |
Status | Active |
Founded | 1687 |
Consecrated | 1705 |
Architecture | |
Functional status | Cathedral |
Style | Baroque architecture |
Administration | |
Diocese | Roman Catholic Diocese of Grodno |
Clergy | |
Bishop(s) | Aleksander Kaszkiewicz |
St. Francis Xavier Cathedral [lower-alpha 1] is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Grodno, Belarus. Originally a Jesuit church, it became a cathedral in 1991, when the new diocese of Grodno was erected. Nowadays it is one of only four minor basilicas in Belarus.
The construction of the church started in 1687, when the city was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The completed building in Baroque style became one of the most important baroque basilica in Europe. [1]
In the 12th to 14th centuries a pendulum clock was installed in one of the towers. Nowadays it is one of the oldest active clocks in Europe. [2]
The cathedral was consecrated in 1705 to St. Francis Xavier by bishop Teodor Potocki. The ceremony was attended by the Russian Emperor Peter the Great and the King of Poland Augustus II the Strong. [2] Sixty meters in length and thirty meters wide, it became one of the largest in Europe. During the 18th century the Jesuits were decorating the cathedral with frescoes, ordered altars and baroque domes. The retable (lat. 'retabulum') got more than 70 sculptures of high artistic value, 20 on the first level, 15 on the second, and 14 on the third. Among them there are four female figures as personification of the continents, two lions, 14 angels, etc. [1]
The monastery was dissolved in 1773 and the church became a parish one. [1]
The church survived World War II with no serious damage. [3]
In 1960 it was officially closed for public religious services (for 27 years). The Soviet authorities tried to convert the building into a museum or a concert hall. Despite this, people attended the church every Sunday for a common prayer, songs and rosary. The religious services were restored in 1987. In 1990 the church was granted the title of minor basilica, and a year later it became a cathedral for a diocese of Grodno.
Grodno or Hrodna is a city in western Belarus. It is one of the oldest cities of Belarus. The city is located on the Neman River, 300 kilometres (190 mi) from Minsk, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with Poland, and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the border with Lithuania. Grodno serves as the administrative center of Grodno Region and Grodno District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2024, the city has a population of 361,115 inhabitants.
Grodno Region, also known as Grodno Oblast or Hrodna Voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center, Grodno, is the largest city in the region. As of 2024, it has a population of 992,556.
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The Holy Spirit Cathedral or the Holy Ghost Cathedral is a cathedral in Minsk, Belarus. Consecrated in honour of the Holy Spirit, it the mother church of the Belarusian Orthodox Church. It was built between 1633 and 1642 as a part Bernardine monastery during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in a place of former male Orthodox monasteries. The site became Orthodox again in 1860. The cathedral is listed as a Belarusian Cultural heritage object and is considered one of the main landmarks in Minsk Upper city.
The Corpus Christi Church in Nyasvizh (Nesvizh), Belarus, is an early Jesuit church, and one of the oldest Baroque structures outside Italy, influencing the later architecture of Poland, Belarus and Lithuania. Commissioned by Prince Nicholas Radziwill and constructed between 1587 and 1593 by Gian Maria Bernardoni during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it contains tombs of powerful Radziwiłł family members.
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The Vilnian Baroque or the School of Vilnius Baroque is a name of late Baroque architecture style in Catholic church architecture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which expanded well into Greek Catholic church architecture on territories covered by the Union of Brest. The style was formed by alumnus of the Catholic Jesuits' Vilnius University. Most preserved buildings in this style are in Vilnius.