Statius Albius Oppianicus was a nobleman of the 1st century BCE notable for his role in some events described in Cicero's speech Pro Cluentio , and for the many crimes he was accused of. He was accused of having killed at least eight people, mostly his own family, for money. [1]
In 74 BC, he was accused by his stepson, Aulus Cluentius Habitus, of having tried to poison him via two agents: Fabricius and Scamander, Fabricius's freedman, both of whom were convicted of their crime. After the agents' trials, Habitus went after Oppianicus, whom he accused of being the mastermind behind the plot. The trial garnered wide publicity, and was highly divisive in Roman society. He was convicted by a narrow margin, 17 voted for conviction and 15 voted against, with the majority of those voting against being non liquet ("it is not clear") votes rather than votes for outright acquittal. Habitus was accused of bribing jurors to convict, but modern scholars think it is likely that both sides bribed jurors. [2] [3] [4]
Oppianicus died in 69 BCE, and shortly afterwards, Habitus was accused of poisoning him, the charge against which Cicero defended him in the speech Pro Cluentio of 66 BCE, which is the source for most of our information about Oppianicus. [5]
According to Cicero in Pro Cluentio, Oppianicus
Pro Cluentio is a speech by the Roman orator Cicero given in defense of a man named Aulus Cluentius Habitus Minor, addressed to the judge Gaius Aquilius Gallus.
Aulus Cluentius Habitus, a wealthy citizen of Larinum in Samnium, and subject of a Roman cause célèbre.
Titus Accius was a Roman jurist and knight.
The gens Vibia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Although individuals named Vibius appear in history during the time of the Second Punic War, no members of this gens are found at Rome until the final century of the Republic. The first of the Vibii to obtain the consulship was Gaius Vibius Pansa in 43 BC, and from then until imperial times the Vibii regularly filled the highest offices of the Roman state. The emperors Trebonianus Gallus and Volusianus each claimed descent from the family.
Statius is a Latin or Italic personal name, or praenomen, which gave rise to a patronymic surname. Prominent individuals with this name include:
The gens Accia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome during the late Republic. The gens is known primarily from two individuals, Lucius Accius, a tragic poet of the second century BC, and Titus Accius, best known for his prosecution of Aulus Cluentius Habitus in Cicero's oration Pro Cluentio. Other Accii are known from inscriptions.
The gens Albia was a minor plebeian family at Rome. They were of senatorial rank during the latter part of the Republic, but the only of this gens who obtained the consulship was Lucius Albius Pullaienus Pollio, in AD 90. Other Albii are known from various parts of Italy.
The gens Auria was a Roman family at Larinum in southern Italy, known chiefly from Cicero's oration, Pro Cluentio.
Attidius, possibly to be identified with Marcus Atilius Bulbus, was a senator of the Roman Republic. Sometime in the early 70s BC, he was convicted of a crime, probably maiestas, and exiled. Attidius found refuge in the court of Mithridates VI of Pontus, and the two men were friends for many years. The sole evidence for Attidius's life and career is a passage by the Greek historian Appian in his Mithridatic Wars.
The gens Septimia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. The gens first appears in history towards the close of the Republic, and they did not achieve much importance until the latter half of the second century, when Lucius Septimius Severus obtained the imperial dignity.
Publius Canutius or Cannutius was described by Cicero as the most eloquent orator of the senatorial order.
The gens Cluentia was a Roman family of the late Republic. The gens first appears during the Social War, in which Lucius Cluentius was general of the Pompeiian forces. The most famous family of the name lived at Larinum, where they and their cousins, the Aurii, fell victim to the machinations of Oppianicus, exposed by Cicero in his oration, Pro Cluentio.
The gens Fabricia was a plebeian family of ancient Rome. Members of this gens are known from the early third century BC down to the end of the Republic, but they seldom attained positions of importance in the Roman state.
The gens Fidiculania was a plebeian family at Rome. It is known chiefly from a single individual, Gaius Fidiculanius Falcula, a Roman senator, and one of the judices at the trial of Statius Albius Oppianicus in 74 BC. The general indignation at the verdict convicting Oppianicus led to accusations of irregularities against Fidiculanius, but he was acquitted. On subsequent occasions Cicero presented Fidiculanius in different lights, according to the needs of his clients.
Gaius Fidiculanius Falcula was a senator of the late Roman Republic, of the gens Fidiculania. He is known only from the speeches of Cicero.
The gens Heia was a Roman family at Messana, which appears in history during the final century of the Republic. They were part of the ancient nobility of the city, and at some time became hereditary clientes of the Claudian gens.
The gens Rupilia, occasionally written Rupillia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in the latter part of the Republic, and Publius Rupilius obtained the consulship in 132 BC. Few others achieved any prominence, but the name occurs once or twice in the consular fasti under the Empire. The name is frequently confounded with the similar Rutilius.
Marcus Aurius was a nobleman of ancient Rome, of the Auria gens of Larinum. He lived in the 1st century BCE, and was a fighter in the Social War, and was one of the notable characters in Cicero's speech Pro Cluentio.
Dinaea was a wealthy woman of ancient Rome who lived in Larinum in the 1st century BCE. She is notable for her role in some events described in Cicero's speech Pro Cluentio, having controlled a substantial portion of the wealth of the Auria gens, and possibly been murdered for this fact.
Sassia was a woman of Larinum in ancient Rome who lived in the 1st century BCE. She was notable for her role in some events described in Cicero's speech Pro Cluentio.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Smith, William (1870). "Oppianicus, Statius Albius". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology . Vol. 3.