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In computing,a denial-of-service attack is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to a network. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.
A SYN flood is a form of denial-of-service attack on data communications in which an attacker rapidly initiates a connection to a server without finalizing the connection. The server has to spend resources waiting for half-opened connections,which can consume enough resources to make the system unresponsive to legitimate traffic.
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA),Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2),and Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) are the three security certification programs developed after 2000 by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. The Alliance defined these in response to serious weaknesses researchers had found in the previous system,Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP).
Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay,packet loss or the blocking of new connections. A consequence of congestion is that an incremental increase in offered load leads either only to a small increase or even a decrease in network throughput.
Internet security is a branch of computer security. It encompasses the Internet,browser security,web site security,and network security as it applies to other applications or operating systems as a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the Internet. The Internet is an inherently insecure channel for information exchange,with high risk of intrusion or fraud,such as phishing,online viruses,trojans,ransomware and worms.
IP traceback is any method for reliably determining the origin of a packet on the Internet. The IP protocol does not provide for the authentication of the source IP address of an IP packet,enabling the source address to be falsified in a strategy called IP address spoofing,and creating potential internet security and stability problems.
The AMPRNet or Network 44 is used in amateur radio for packet radio and digital communications between computer networks managed by amateur radio operators. Like other amateur radio frequency allocations,an IP range of 44.0.0.0/8 was provided in 1981 for Amateur Radio Digital Communications and self-administered by radio amateurs. In 2001,undocumented and dual-use of 44.0.0.0/8 as a network telescope began,recording the spread of the Code Red II worm in July 2001. In mid-2019,part of IPv4 range was sold off for conventional use,due to IPv4 address exhaustion.
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. Computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other. These interconnections are made up of telecommunication network technologies based on physically wired,optical,and wireless radio-frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies.
A network telescope is an Internet system that allows one to observe different large-scale events taking place on the Internet. The basic idea is to observe traffic targeting the dark (unused) address-space of the network. Since all traffic to these addresses is suspicious,one can gain information about possible network attacks as well as other misconfigurations by observing it.
In networking,a black hole,also known as a block hole,refers to a place in the network where incoming or outgoing traffic is silently discarded,without informing the source that the data did not reach its intended recipient.
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In computing,Microsoft's Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 introduced in 2007/2008 a new networking stack named Next Generation TCP/IP stack,to improve on the previous stack in several ways. The stack includes native implementation of IPv6,as well as a complete overhaul of IPv4. The new TCP/IP stack uses a new method to store configuration settings that enables more dynamic control and does not require a computer restart after a change in settings. The new stack,implemented as a dual-stack model,depends on a strong host-model and features an infrastructure to enable more modular components that one can dynamically insert and remove.
Hari Balakrishnan is the Fujitsu Professor of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT,and the Co-founder and CTO at Cambridge Mobile Telematics.
Anna R. Karlin is an American computer scientist,the Microsoft Professor of Computer Science &Engineering at the University of Washington.
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Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is an ongoing effort of the Internet Engineering Task Force's (IETF) Multipath TCP working group,that aims at allowing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection to use multiple paths to maximize throughput and increase redundancy.
BASHLITE is malware which infects Linux systems in order to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS). Originally it was also known under the name Bashdoor,but this term now refers to the exploit method used by the malware. It has been used to launch attacks of up to 400 Gbps.
Mirai is malware that turns networked devices running Linux into remotely controlled bots that can be used as part of a botnet in large-scale network attacks. It primarily targets online consumer devices such as IP cameras and home routers. The Mirai botnet was first found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie,a white hat malware research group,and has been used in some of the largest and most disruptive distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks,including an attack on 20 September 2016 on computer security journalist Brian Krebs' website,an attack on French web host OVH,and the October 2016 Dyn cyberattack. According to a chat log between Anna-senpai and Robert Coelho,Mirai was named after the 2011 TV anime series Mirai Nikki.
References
- ↑ Ramsey, Doug (2016-06-16). "Cybersecurity Expert Named to Irwin and Joan Jacobs Chair". ucsdnews.ucsd.edu.
- ↑ Bigelow, Bruce (2005-04-15). "People to watch: Stefan Savage". San Diego Union-Tribune.
- 1 2 3 "CiteSeerX". citeseer.ist.psu.edu.
- ↑ "Inside the slammer worm - Security & Privacy Magazine, IEEE" (PDF).
- ↑ http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/~savage/papers/UsenixSec03.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
- ↑ "CiteSeerX". citeseer.ist.psu.edu.
- ↑ "Sloan Foundation 2004 Annual Report" (PDF). sloan.org.
- ↑ "ACM Names 41 Fellows from World's Leading Institutions — Association for Computing Machinery". Archived from the original on 2012-04-28. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
- ↑ "The Mark Weiser Award". ACM SIGOPS. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ↑ "Stefan Savage". awards.acm.org.
- ↑ "Stefan Savage". MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
- ↑ "Stefan Savage | American Academy of Arts and Sciences". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ↑ "2021: The Fast and The Curious". www.goldengooseaward.org. 22 September 2021.
- ↑ "Dr. Stefan Savage". www.nae.org.
