Stirling Tolbooth

Stirling Tolbooth
Stirling Tolbooth
Location	Broad Street, Stirling
Coordinates	56°07′14″N3°56′34″W / 56.1206°N 3.9429°W / 56.1206; -3.9429
Built	1705
Architect	Sir William Bruce
Architectural style(s)	Scottish baronial style
Listed Building – Category A
Official name	35-37 Broad Street, Jail Wynd and 32 St John Street, Tolbooth
Designated	4 November 1965
Reference no.	LB41110
Shown in Stirling

Stirling Tolbooth is a municipal building in Broad Street, Stirling, Scotland. The structure, which was the original meeting place of Stirling Burgh Council, is a Category A listed building. ^[1]

History

The tolbooth steps

The first building on the site was a medieval tolbooth which was completed in 1473. ^[2] The tolbooth included a meeting rooms for the burgh council and legal courts. During a civil war, a Parliament was held in the Stirling tolbooth in August 1571. Replica Honours of Scotland were made for the event by Mungo Brady. ^[3] After the old tolbooth became dilapidated in the late 17th century, burgh officials decided to procure a new structure: the new building was designed by Sir William Bruce in the Scottish baronial style, built by a master mason, Harry Livingstone, in ashlar stone and was completed in 1705. ^[1]

The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage with a hall block of three bays and a six-stage tower facing onto Broad Street; the hall block featured a door in the right hand bay and sash windows with architraves in the other bays on three floors. ^[1] The six-stage tower, which slightly projected forward, essentially survived intact from the 15th century structure although it had to be refaced. ^[4] It featured a doorway on the ground floor, a niche on the first floor, sash windows on the second, third and fourth floors and clock faces on the fifth floor: it was surmounted with a belfry and a weather vane. ^[1] The clock was designed and manufactured by Duncan Kerr of Falkirk. ^[5] Internally, the principal rooms were the guardroom and cells on the ground floor and the courtroom, the robing room and the council chamber on the first floor. ^[1] The council chamber contained some fine decorative plasterwork. ^[6]

The building was extended to the east by three bays to a design by Gideon Gray in 1785, and a courthouse and prison block, designed by Richard Crichton, was built to the south of the original building and completed in 1811. ^[5] John Baird and Andrew Hardie, who were leaders of the Radical forces in the Radical War, were imprisoned in the tollbooth for their role in the march on the Carron Company Ironworks in April 1820; they were tried and convicted of treason and then hanged and beheaded outside the tollbooth in September 1820. ^[7]

The prisons inspector reporting on the poor state of the ground floor facilities in 1844 stated that "there has been no jail, to my knowledge, in which such a fearful state of things has existed as has been the case in the prison of Stirling." Following his report, all prisoners were transferred from the tollbooth to the new Stirling Jail in St John Street in 1847. ^[8] The building ceased to be local seat of government when burgh leaders relocated to The Athenaeum in King Street in 1875, ^{[9] [10]} before moving on to the new Municipal Buildings in Corn Exchange Road in 1918. ^[11] The courtroom was used as a venue for lectures and concerts, ^[12] after a new courthouse was completed in Viewfield Place in 1876. ^[13]

An extensive programme of refurbishment works, to a design by Richard Murphy Architects, to convert the building into an arts venue was completed in October 2000. ^[14] The works involved the reuse of the courtroom as a performance space, the robing room as a bar and the council chamber as a restaurant. ^[14]

See also

• List of Category A listed buildings in Stirling
• List of listed buildings in Stirling, Stirling

References

1. Historic Environment Scotland. "35-37 Broad Street, Jail Wynd and 32 St John Street, Tolbooth (LB41110)" . Retrieved 21 July 2021.
2. Will, Bob; Addyman, Tom (2008). "The Archaeology of the Tolbooth, Broad Street, Stirling". Scottish Archaeological Journal. 30 (1/2): 79–159. doi:10.3366/E1471576709000394. JSTOR   27917614 . Retrieved 21 July 2021.
3. Charles Thorpe McInnes, Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 12 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1970), pp. vii–viii, 279, 282.
4. Historic Environment Scotland. "Stirling, 35-37 Broad Street, Town House (46229)". Canmore . Retrieved 21 July 2021.
5. "Tolbooth". Stirling Council. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021.
6. Fenton, Alexander; Stell, Geoffrey; Shaw, John; Storrier, Susan (2000). Scottish Life and Society: Scotland's buildings. Tuckwell Press. p. 262. ISBN   978-1862321236. Good examples of decorative plasterwork can still be found in Stirling Tolbooth (1703-5), Falkland Town House (1800) and Kinghorn Town House (1829-30)
7. "Murdered for the cause of justice, truth and liberty. Accounts relating to the execution of Baird and Hardie, 8 September 1820". Stirling Archives. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
8. "Stirling's Tolbooth as a Prison". Stirling Local History Society. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
9. "The Athenaeum". Gazetteer of Scotland. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
10. "King Street A place of Quality" (PDF). Stirling City Heritage Trust. p. 18. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
11. "Stirling Municipal Buildings". Dictionary of Scottish Architects. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
12. Drysdale, William (1904). "Stirling, Auld Biggins of Stirling, its closes, wynds and neighbour villages". Eneas MacKay.
13. Historic Environment Scotland. "Stirling Sheriff Court including boundary walls and gatepiers, and excluding later extension to east, Viewfield Place, Stirling (LB41108)" . Retrieved 7 January 2023.
14. "Stirling Tolbooth". AJ Buildings Library. Retrieved 20 July 2021.