Quartet No. 4 | |
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by Airat Ichmouratov | |
Opus | 35 |
Composed | 2012 |
Dedication | New Orford String Quartet |
Performed | 26 July 2013 |
Duration | 31 minutes (approximately) |
Movements | 4 |
Scoring | 2 violins, viola, cello. |
Airat Ichmouratov's String Quartet No. 4 "Time and Fate", Op. 35, was composed in spring 2012. It was commissioned and premiered by New Orford String Quartet on 26 July 2013 at Orford Arts Centre, Quebec, Canada. [1] Chamber Orchestra version of the quartet (arranged by composer and known as Chamber Symphony N4 Op.35a) was premiered by La Primavera Chamber Orchestra in Kazan, Russia on 3 September 2014 under the composer's baton [2] [3]
The work comprises four movements:
A typical performance of the work lasts around thirty one minutes. [4]
String Quartet No. 4 was composed in the spring of 2012, shortly after the tragic death of the prominent violinist and teacher Eleonora Turovsky, who, according to the composer's own words, was someone he was very close to, almost like a second mother. [5] This event marked the first time in the composer's life when the passage of "time" took on a vividly visual aspect.
The 1st movement - Allegro con fuoco - sets the stage for the quartet's exploration of the interplay between time and fate, driven by personal loss and emotional depth. According to composers own words, the movement opens with a series of clockwork-like rhythms, immediately establishing the "Time" motif. [5]
Main theme in the first movement of Ichmouratov's String Quartet N4, Violin I part
The 2nd movement - Scherzo - is an expressive scherzo-valse with uneven changes in time signatures, symbolizing the passage of turbulent times. The harmonic language is rich and diverse, featuring frequent modulations that enhance the movement’s emotional complexity.
Scherzo-Valse theme in the second movement of Ichmouratov's String Quartet N4, Viola part
The 3rd movement - Larghetto - opens with a melancholic and reflective theme played by the viola, which introduces the "Fate" motif. This motif, a rising seventh interval (D - F - C♯), serves as the central theme that persists throughout the entire movement. In an interview with Keith Horner about his first Chandos recording of the String Octet "Letter from an Unknown Woman", based on Stefan Zweig's novella of the same name, the composer discusses the same 'Fate' motif, which also appears multiple times in the octet and is characterized by a rising seventh interval (A - C - G♯). [6] The motif emerges as a recurring musical figure of profound thematic significance in the composer's numerous works, making its initial appearance in his Three Romances for Viola. This evolution of the motif can be heard in various composer's works. Often symbolizing themes of destiny and persistence, this motif manifests in various expressions throughout his music.
Opening theme with "Fate" motif in the third movement of Ichmouratov's String Quartet N4, Viola part
The 4th movement - Allegro Vivace - begins with a turbulent, again clock-like mechanical entrance, setting an urgent tone. This is followed by an energetic theme that symbolizes the relentless passage of time. The movement then unfolds into a kaleidoscope of episodic themes, each contributing to a complex narrative that leads to a grand culmination, prominently featuring the Fate motif. In the virtuoso coda, the clock theme from the first movement suddenly reappears, driving the quartet towards a highly energetic and dazzling ending.
Opening theme in the 4th movement of Ichmouratov's String Quartet N4, Violin I part
The original score is for 2 violins, viola and cello.
The composer also transcribed the piece for string orchestra, so it is often played by full string sections using more players for each part as well as an added double bass part which usually (but not always) doubles the cello part an octave lower.
External audio | |
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The World premiere of String Quartet N4, performed by New Orford String Quartet, 26 July 2013 at Orford Arts Centre | |
I. Allegro con fuoco | |
II. Scherzo | |
III. Larghetto | |
IV. Allegro Vivace |
The recording of the quartet gained average-to-positive reviews. Frédéric Cardin of Ludwig Van Montreal wrote: "Simple and effective". [8] Terry Robbins of The Whole Note wrote about quartet: "it’s an extremely attractive four-movement work with a particularly lovely third movement.". [9] Steve Bergeron of La Tribune wrote: "very expressive, with beautiful melodies". [10]
Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 11 in F minor, Op. 95, from 1810, was his last before his late string quartets. It is commonly referred to as the "Serioso," stemming from his title "Quartett[o] Serioso" at the beginning and the tempo designation for the third movement.
The Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 36, is a symphony in four movements written by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1801 and 1802. The work is dedicated to Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky.
The String Quartet No. 2 is a string quartet in D major written by Alexander Borodin in 1881. It was dedicated to his wife Ekaterina Protopova. Some scholars, such as Borodin's biographer Serge Dianin, suggest that the quartet was a 20th anniversary gift and that it has a program evoking the couple's first meeting in Heidelberg. Of its four movements, the third movement "Notturno" is the most famous.
Antonín Dvořák's Serenade for Strings in E major, Op. 22 (B. 52), is one of the composer's most popular orchestral works. It was composed in just two weeks in May 1875.
The String Octet in E-flat major, Op. 20, MWV R 20, was written by the 16-year-old Felix Mendelssohn during the fall of 1825 and completed on October 15. Written for four violins, two violas, and two cellos, this work created a new chamber music genre. Conrad Wilson summarizes much of its reception ever since: "Its youthful verve, brilliance and perfection make it one of the miracles of nineteenth-century music." This was one of the first works of Mendelssohn to be very well received.
The String Quintet in E♭ major, Op. 97, B. 180, was composed by Antonín Dvořák during the summer he spent in Spillville, Iowa in 1893. It is a "Viola Quintet" in that it is scored for string quartet with an extra viola. It was completed in just over a month, immediately after he wrote his American String Quartet. Like the Quartet, the Quintet finely captures the inflection of Dvořák's Bohemian idiom with American inspirations. The Quintet was premiered by the Kneisel Quartet in New York on 13 January 1894 along with the second performance of the Quartet and very favorably reviewed, as comparable to Mozart. The reviewer noted that the Quintet was "of the kind about which a commentator may write a small volume without exhausting his admiration or fully describing their beauties".
The String Quartet No. 2 in A minor, Op. 13, was composed by Felix Mendelssohn in 1827. Written when he was 18 years old, it was, despite its official number, Mendelssohn's first mature string quartet. One of Mendelssohn's most passionate works, the A minor Quartet is one of the earliest and most significant examples of cyclic form in music.
The Piano Quartet No. 3 in C minor, Op. 60, completed by Johannes Brahms in 1875, is scored for piano, violin, viola and cello. It is sometimes called the Werther Quartet after Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther. The premiere took place in Vienna on November 18, 1875, to an anxious public. Richard Wagner and his wife Cosima were in attendance.
String Quartet No. 4 by Walter Piston is a chamber-music work composed in 1951.
Brian Manker is the Principal Cellist of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and cellist of the New Orford String Quartet and the Adorno Quartet. Manker has performed throughout North America as a member of the Harrington String Quartet, the Cassatt Quartet, and the Atlanta Chamber Players.
The String Quartet in D major is the only string quartet composed by César Franck. The work was written from 1889 to 1890.
Airat Rafailovich Ichmouratov born 28 June 1973, is a Volga Tatar born Russian / Canadian composer, conductor and klezmer clarinetist. He is a founding member and clarinetist of award-winning Montreal-based klezmer group Kleztory and invited professor at Laval University in Quebec, Canada.
Elvira Rafailovna Misbakhova is a Volga Tatar born Russian / Canadian violist and violinist. Misbakhova is presently Associate Principal Viola at the Orchestre Métropolitain of Montreal, Trois-Rivières Symphony Orchestra and the Longueuil Symphony Orchestra.
Gabriel Fauré's Piano Quartet No. 2, in G minor, Op. 45, is one of the two chamber works he wrote for the conventional piano quartet combination of piano, violin, viola and cello. It was first performed in 1887, seven years after his first quartet.
Airat Ichmouratov's Octet in G minor, Op. 56, was composed in December 2017. It was commissioned and premiered by Saguenay and Lafayette String Quartets on 13 January 2018 at Fanny Bay Hall, Fanny Bay, British Columbia, Canada. The Octet was inspired by Stefan Zweig's novella "Letter from an Unknown Woman" and bears the same name. In November 2018 composer made an arrangement of the Octet for string orchestra and it was recorded by Belarusian State Chamber Orchestra with Evgeny Bushkov as a conductor and was released by Chandos Records. The string orchestra version was first time publicly performed by the Belarusian State Chamber Orchestra with Evgeny Bushkov as a conductor on March 13, 2019 in Minsk, Belarus.
The Symphony in A minor, "On the Ruins of an Ancient Fort", Op. 55, was composed by Airat Ichmouratov in 2017 with support by Longueuil Arts Council. It was premiered in Longueuil City on 28 September 2018 by Longueuil Symphony Orchestra under the baton of French-Canadian conductor Marc David. Ichmouratov's Symphony seeks to recreate the vitality of Longueuil, a city on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, from its beginnings as an outpost of New France to the present day.
The Viola Concerto No. 1, Op. 7, was composed by Airat Ichmouratov in 2004. It was commissioned and premiered by Elvira Misbakhova, a Canadian violist, today the principal viola of Orchestre Métropolitain, who was in 2004 a student at University of Montreal and was looking for new romantic viola concerto for her Doctoral program recital. Concerto was premiered at Claude Champagne Concert Hall in Montreal, Canada on 24 February 2005 by students of University of Montreal under the baton of composer Airat Ichmouratov.
Airat Ichmouratov's Concerto Grosso N1, Op. 28, was composed in 2011. It was commissioned and premiered on 15 July 2011 by French – Canadian conductor Jean-François Rivest and Orford Camerata at Orford Art's Centre, Orford, Canada. Ichmouratov himself was performing solo clarinet part as well on the recording of Concerto Grosso N1, that was released on Chandos in 2019.
Airat Ichmouratov's Three Romances for Viola, Strings, and Harp Op. 22, was composed during the summer of 2009. Ateş Orga stated that Three Romances are an affectionate character portrayal of Eleonora Turovsky (1939–2012) to whom the composition is dedicated and was written as a birthday gift. It was first performed at a surprise birthday concert at University of Montreal on 23 September 2009 by her pupils.
The Piano Concerto, Op. 40, is a work for piano and orchestra completed by Airat Ichmouratov between 2012 and 2013. Composition remained untouched for a span of ten years until the composer crossed paths with a soloist, Montreal-based pianist Jean-Philippe Sylvestre. Sylvestre's keen enthusiasm for performing the concerto, coupled with his ability to "do it justice and add finishing touches," as described by the composer, led to the revival of the piece. The Piano Concerto was recorded by Chandos on April 19–20, 2022, at St. Luke's in London, with Jean-Philippe Sylvestre as the soloist and the London Symphony Orchestra under the baton of the composer. Its first public performance took place on May 1, 2024, at the Palais Montcalm in Quebec City, with Sylvestre as the soloist, accompanied by the Quebec Symphony Orchestra under Ichmouratov.