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Stuart Campbell | |
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| Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's Hospital Medical School | |
| Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,King's College Hospital | |
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| Born | 1936 (age 87–88) Glasgow,Scotland |
Stuart Campbell is retired professor and obstetrician,who pioneered the medical use of ultrasound for pregnant women.
Campbell was born in Glasgow,Scotland,and graduated from the medical school of Glasgow University in 1961. [1] During his training,he worked with Ian Donald,who had published some of the first papers on the use of ultrasound in obstetrics. Together,they published multiple papers on fetal biometry and developed charts of fetal measurements such as the biparietal diameter and head circumference. Their collaboration led to methods for estimating the fetal weight using ultrasound. [2]
He went on to work at Queen Charlotte's Hospital in London before being appointed Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at King's College Hospital. There,he established the fetal medicine unit (now Harris-Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine),where fetal medicine practitioners such as Kypros Nicolaides and Charles Rodeck would later train and work with him.
Campbell's work went on to describe the use of ultrasound to diagnose fetal anomalies and then the use of Doppler ultrasound,in particular uteroplacental Doppler,in the assessment of 'high-risk' pregnancies. [3]
Campbell went on to become Professor of Obstetrics &Gynaecology at St George's Hospital Medical School before his retirement. He was founding President of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics &Gynecology (ISUOG) [4] and the first editor of the journal Ultrasound in Obstetrics &Gynecology (The White Journal), [5] a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on ultrasonography in obstetric and gynecologic practice.
In 1992,he was awarded the Ian Donald Gold Medal of ISUOG [6] in recognition of his contributions to ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology,having authored over 400 peer-reviewed publications.
Since 2001,Campbell has served as a consultant at CREATE Fertility, [7] a clinic established to provide advanced techniques in reproductive medicine,antenatal care,and gynecological screening.
He has developed his interest in 3D imaging and animation and has published papers on a novel method of diagnosing cleft palate. [8] In this work he collaborated with two colleagues at Addenbrookes Hospital,Christoph Lees (Director of Fetal Medicine),who now has become Professor of Obstetrics and works at Queen Charlotte's Hospital,and Per Hall,orofacial surgeon. The technique called the reverse face view provides detailed and reliable information on congenital defects of the fetal palate;hitherto only defects of the lips and alveolus could be visualized by existing techniques.
He was also the first to describe patterns of fetal behavior such as blinking,smiling,crying,and reflexes in early pregnancy. Many of his images and moving 3D sequences of fetal behavior have been used in television documentaries such as "My Fetus","Life Before Birth",and "In the Womb".
He has also continued to work as supervisor of the ultrasound arm of the UKCTOCS (Ovarian Cancer Screening) trial.
Obstetric ultrasonography,or prenatal ultrasound,is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy,in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb). The procedure is a standard part of prenatal care in many countries,as it can provide a variety of information about the health of the mother,the timing and progress of the pregnancy,and the health and development of the embryo or fetus.
Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs as well as the bladder,the adnexa,and the recto-uterine pouch. The procedure may lead to other medically relevant findings in the pelvis.This technique is useful to detect myomas or mullerian malformations.
An abdominal pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy where the embryo or fetus is growing and developing outside the uterus,in the abdomen,and not in a fallopian tube,an ovary,or the broad ligament.
Frank A. Chervenak,MD currently serves as Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Lenox Hill Hospital;Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Associate Dean of International Medicine,Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell.
Placenta accreta occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally to the myometrium. Three grades of abnormal placental attachment are defined according to the depth of attachment and invasion into the muscular layers of the uterus:
Ian Donald was an English physician who pioneered the diagnostic use of ultrasound in obstetrics,enabling the visual discovery of abnormalities during pregnancy. Donald was born in Cornwall,England,to a Scottish family of physicians. He was educated in Scotland and South Africa before studying medicine at the University of London in 1930,and became the third generation of doctors in his family. At the start of World War II,Donald was drafted into the Royal Air Force as a medical officer,where he developed an interest in radar and sonar. In 1952,at St Thomas' Hospital,he used what he learned in the RAF to build a respirator for newborn babies with respiratory problems.
Placental insufficiency or utero-placental insufficiency is the failure of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy,and is often a result of insufficient blood flow to the placenta. The term is also sometimes used to designate late decelerations of fetal heart rate as measured by cardiotocography or an NST,even if there is no other evidence of reduced blood flow to the placenta,normal uterine blood flow rate being 600mL/min.
Kyprianos "Kypros" Nicolaides is a Greek Cypriot physician of British citizenship,Professor of Fetal Medicine at King's College Hospital,London. He is one of the pioneers of fetal medicine and his discoveries have revolutionised the field. He was elected to the US National Academy of Medicine in 2020 for 'improving the care of pregnant women worldwide with pioneering rigorous and creative approaches,and making seminal contributions to prenatal diagnosis and every major obstetrical disorder'. This is considered to be one of the highest honours in the fields of health and medicine and recognises individuals who have demonstrated outstanding professional achievement and commitment to service.
Fetal echocardiography,or Fetal echocardiogram,is the name of the test used to diagnose cardiac conditions in the fetal stage. Cardiac defects are amongst the most common birth defects. Their diagnosis is important in the fetal stage as it might help provide an opportunity to plan and manage the baby as and when the baby is born. Not all pregnancies need to undergo fetal echo.
The estimated date of delivery (EDD),also known as expected date of confinement,and estimated due date or simply due date,is a term describing the estimated delivery date for a pregnant woman. Normal pregnancies last between 38 and 42 weeks. Children are delivered on their expected due date about 4% of the time.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to obstetrics:
Michael L. Brodman is an American gynecologist and obstetrician and currently the Ellen and Howard C. Katz Professor and Chairman of the Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology and Reproductive Science at Mount Sinai Hospital,Mount Sinai Health System,and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. He is recognized internationally as a pioneer in the field of urogynecology.
The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology is a professional membership association and charity registered in England and Wales. ISUOG represents and supports professionals using ultrasonography in obstetric and gynecologic practice across the world,currently including obstetricians,gynecologists,sonographers,radiographers,radiologists,midwives,maternal fetal medicine and other subspecialty medical professionals across 126 countries.
Dr. Bhalchandra Nilkanth Purandare,was an Indian gynaecologist. He was the son of Dr. Nilkanth Anant Purandare. He was the director of the Dr. N.A. Purandare Medical Centre for Family Welfare and Research,Mumbai. He served as the president of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) from 1973 to 1976 and the Mumbai Obstetric and Gynecological Society (MOGS) from 1966 to 1968. He was an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (1961). The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan,in 1972,for his contributions to medicine. His brother Dr. Vithal N. Purandare was also an acclaimed obstetrician and gynaecologist,renowned for his surgical prowess. He served as President of the Mumbai Obstetrics and Gynecology society(1973–1975) and FOGSI President in 1981. Their nephew Dr. C. N. Purandare,is a prominent gynaecologist and an ex President of FIGO.
Charles Richard Whitfield FRCOG,FRCP(G) was a Northern Irish obstetrician and gynaecologist who was a pioneer of maternal-fetal (perinatal) medicine. His primary interest was in fetal medicine,a branch of obstetrics and gynaecology that focuses on the assessment of the development,growth and health of the baby in the womb. He was also an early proponent of subspecialisation within the fields of obstetrics and gynaecology,a practice that is common today.
John MacVicar was a British physician who was most notable for pioneering the diagnostic use of ultrasound in obstetrics as well as later,being a clinical educator. MacVicar was part of a team along with physician Ian Donald and engineer Tom Brown,who developed the worlds first obstetric ultrasound machine in 1963. Using the new technique of ultrasound,MacVicar's research transformed the treatment of gynaecological conditions in pregnant women,through the use of clinical trials.
Sally L. Collins BSc BMBCh DPhil FRCOG is a Professor of Obstetrics in the Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health,University of Oxford and a Consultant Obstetrician and lead for the Placenta Accreta Service at Birmingham Women's Hospital. She is also a lecturer in Medical Sciences at St. Anne’s College,University of Oxford.
Beryl Rice Benacerraf was an American radiologist and professor of obstetrics,gynecology and reproductive biology and radiology at Harvard Medical School. She was a pioneer in the use of prenatal ultrasound to diagnose fetal abnormalities,including Down syndrome. In 2021,she was recognized as a "Giant in Obstetrics and Gynecology" by the American Journal of Obstetrics &Gynecology.
Eliezer Shalev is an Israeli gynecologist and current President of Tel Hai Academic College. He also serves as Chairman of the Israeli Ministry of Health National Council for Gynecology,Neonatology and Genetics.
Professor Aris T. Papageorghiou MBChB,MD,FRCOG,FAIUM (hon) is a Cypriot-German physician and researcher known for his work in maternal and perinatal health. He is a professor at the University of Oxford. and at St George's Hospital. He is also research director of the Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute and Reproductive Health and Editor in Chief of the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
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