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Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations that was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in the middle of the 20th century in their foundational work on algebraic topology. Category theory is used in almost all areas of mathematics. In particular, numerous constructions of new mathematical objects from previous ones that appear similarly in several contexts are conveniently expressed and unified in terms of categories. Examples include quotient spaces, direct products, completion, and duality.
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In category theory, a category is Cartesian closed if, roughly speaking, any morphism defined on a product of two objects can be naturally identified with a morphism defined on one of the factors. These categories are particularly important in mathematical logic and the theory of programming, in that their internal language is the simply typed lambda calculus. They are generalized by closed monoidal categories, whose internal language, linear type systems, are suitable for both quantum and classical computation.
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In mathematics, a topos is a category that behaves like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space. Topoi behave much like the category of sets and possess a notion of localization; they are a direct generalization of point-set topology. The Grothendieck topoi find applications in algebraic geometry; the more general elementary topoi are used in logic.
Categorical quantum mechanics is the study of quantum foundations and quantum information using paradigms from mathematics and computer science, notably monoidal category theory. The primitive objects of study are physical processes, and the different ways that these can be composed. It was pioneered in 2004 by Samson Abramsky and Bob Coecke. Categorical quantum mechanics is entry 18M40 in MSC2020.
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the inserter category is a variation of the comma category where the two functors are required to have the same domain category.
References
- ↑ Pitt, David; Rydeheard, David E.; Johnstone, Peter (12 September 1995). Category Theory and Computer Science: 6th International Conference, CTCS '95, Cambridge, United Kingdom, August 7 - 11, 1995. Proceedings. Springer . Retrieved 18 February 2017.
- ↑ Ong, Luke (10 March 2010). Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures: 13th International Conference, FOSSACS 2010, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2010, Paphos, Cyprus, March 20-28, 2010, Proceedings. Springer. ISBN 9783642120329 . Retrieved 18 February 2017.
- ↑ Barr, Michael; Wells, Charles (September 1992). "On the limitations of sketches". Canadian Mathematical Bulletin. Canadian Mathematical Society. 35 (3): 287–294. doi: 10.4153/CMB-1992-040-7 .
