Related Research Articles
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th-largest country by land area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres. With more than 270 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.
The economy of Indonesia is the largest in Southeast Asia and is one of the emerging market economies of the world. As an upper-middle income country and member of the G20, Indonesia is classified as a newly industrialized country. It is the 15th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the 7th largest in terms of GDP (PPP). Estimated at US$40 billion in 2019, Indonesia’s Internet economy is expected to cross the US$130 billion mark by 2025. Indonesia depends on domestic market and government budget spending and its ownership of state-owned enterprises. The administration of prices of a range of basic goods also plays a significant role in Indonesia's market economy. However, since the 1990s, the majority of the economy has been controlled by individual Indonesians and foreign companies.
Since independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers. Indonesian foreign policy under the "New Order" government of President Suharto moved away from the stridently anti-Western, anti-American posturing that characterised the latter part of the Sukarno era. Following Suharto's ouster in 1998, Indonesia's government has preserved the broad outlines of Suharto's independent, moderate foreign policy. Preoccupation with domestic problems has not prevented successive presidents from travelling abroad.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, commonly referred to by his initials SBY, is an Indonesian politician and retired Army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. He is a member of the Democratic Party and President of the Assembly and Chair of the Council of the Global Green Growth Institute. Yudhoyono was also the former Chairman of ASEAN due to Indonesia hosting the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.
Gadjah Mada University is a public research university located in Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Officially founded on 19 December 1949, Gadjah Mada University is one of the oldest and largest institutions of higher education in the country. It is widely known as the largest and the first state university in the nation. It has been credited as one of the best universities in Indonesia. In the 2021 QS World Universities Ranking, UGM is ranked 1st in Indonesia and 254th in the world.
Mari Elka Pangestu, is an Indonesian economist who has been Managing Director of Development Policy and Partnerships in the World Bank. The President of the World Bank, David Malpass, announced her appointment on 9 January saying that she would be responsible for development policy and partnerships in her role in the bank. Previously she served as Minister of Trade in Indonesia from October 2004 to October 2011.
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia is the independent judicial arm of the state. It maintains a system of courts and sits above the other courts and is the final court of appeal. It can also re-examine cases if new evidence emerges.
Sri Mulyani Indrawati is an Indonesian economist who has been Minister of Finance of Indonesia since 2016; previously she served in the same post from 2005 to 2010. In June 2010 she was appointed as Managing Director of the World Bank Group and resigned as Minister of Finance. On July 27, 2016, Sri Mulyani was reappointed as Minister of Finance in a cabinet reshuffle by President Joko Widodo, replacing Bambang Brodjonegoro.
The Judicial Commission of Indonesia was established as a consequence of the third amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia ratified by the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly on 9 November 2001. The Commission's duty is to monitor the performance of judges, advise the House of Representatives on judicial appointments and review community complaints about the behavior and fairness of presiding judges.
Gita Irawan Wirjawan is an Indonesian entrepreneur, investment banker and philanthropist. Previously he served as Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia during President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu II. He is the founder of Ancora Group and Ancora Foundation. He is the current head of Badminton Association of Indonesia.
Patrialis Akbar is an advocate and politician who was member of the Constitutional Court Justice of the Indonesian Constitutional Court for the period 2013-2017 from Padang, West Sumatra. He has a complete career in three branches of state, legislative, executive and judicial power. He had served as a member of the House of Representatives for two periods.
Ratih Hardjono is an Indonesian journalist for Kompas, an author, and a public affairs consultant. Her first book, White Tribe of Asia, a discussion of Australia's culture, history and politics, was published in 1993. She was Presidential Secretary to Abdurrahman Wahid, and in 2000, she served as Programme Coordinator Information and Publication for United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Indonesia. Two years later, she co-edited a book, The Poor Speak Up, 17 Stories of Corruption, for the World Bank. Hardjono married Fajrul Falaakh, vice dean of law at Gadjah Mada University.
Maria Farida Indrati is a former justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia for two terms. During her both terms, she was the only woman among the Court's nine members.
Bambang Widjojanto is an Indonesian human rights activist. He is the co-founder of the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation and a "leading advocate for the rights of the indigenous peoples of West Papua". According to The New York Times, his work for indigenous peoples made him "the target of repeated threats and detentions by the Indonesian govf
Tri Rismaharini is an Indonesian politician who is the current Minister of Social Affairs. Popularly known as Risma, she is both the first directly-elected and first female to be the Mayor of Surabaya.
Jimly Asshiddiqie is an Indonesian academic who served as the first chief justice of Indonesia's Constitutional Court from 2003 to 2008.
Lili Yan Ing is an Indonesian economist. Dr Ing has been appointed as the Lead Advisor to the Minister of Trade of Indonesia since November 2017.
Airlangga Hartarto is an Indonesian politician and businessman. He is the current Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs in President Joko Widodo's Onward Indonesia Cabinet, appointed on 23 October 2019. He is also the chairman of Golkar Party.
Kartini Muljadi is an Indonesian businesswoman and corporate lawyer, who previously worked as a judge and notary. Since 2007, she has been listed as one of the richest women in Indonesia.
Feminism in Indonesia refers to the long history of discourse for gender equality to bring about positive social change in Indonesia. The issues women in Indonesia currently are facing include gender violence, underage marriages, and lack of representation in the political system. Feminism and the women's right movement began during colonial Indonesia under Dutch rule and were spearheaded by the national heroine Kartini. She was a Javanese noblewoman who advocated for the education of all women and girls regardless of social status. In the early 19th century, women's rights organizations and movements were allowed to developed under Budi Utomo, the first Indonesian Nationalist organization. Modern day Indonesian feminism include and are influenced by both fundamentalist and progressive Islamic women's organizations.
References
- ↑ Most antigraft judge applicants unqualified, mediocre: Watchdogs. Jakarta Post, 15 October 2016. Accessed 31 October 2016.
- ↑ Humas, President Jokowi Filed Another Two Candidate Names of Commissioners KY to the D. Official website of the Cabinet Secretary, 17 November 2015. Accessed 31 October 2016.
- ↑ Ini Profil Komisioner KY Baru (in Indonesian). HukumOnline, 18 December 2015. Accessed 31 October 2016.
- ↑ Douglas E. Ramage, Indonesia: Democracy First, Good Governance Later. Taken from Southeast Asian Affairs 2007, pg. 155. Eds. Daljit Singh and Lorraine Carlos Salazar. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007. ISBN 9789812304421
- ↑ Cecilia Oh, Third World NGOs Fight Against WTO New Round. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. Accessed 31 October 2016.
- ↑ KY calls for House to pass judiciary bill. Jakarta Post, 22 July 2016. Accessed 31 October 2016.