The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
The high courts of India are the highest courts of appellate jurisdiction in each state and union territory of India. However,a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters,if so designated,especially by the constitution,a state law or union law.
Allahabad High Court,officially known as High Court of Judicature at Allahabad,is the high court based in the city of Prayagraj,formerly known as Allahabad,that has jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established on 17 March 1866,making it one of the oldest high courts to be established in India.
Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha was an Indian judge known for his 1975 ruling in the State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain lawsuit,which invalidated the election of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
Ranjan Gogoi is an Indian former advocate and judge who served as the 46th Chief Justice of India from 2018 to 2019,having previously served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India from 2012 to 2018. He is currently a Member of the Rajya Sabha,having been nominated by President Ram Nath Kovind on 16 March 2020. Gogoi served as a judge in the Gauhati High Court from 2001 to 2010,and then was transferred as a judge to the Punjab and Haryana High Court from 2010 to 2011 where he later was the Chief Justice from 2011 to 2012. He is also a member of the Committee on External Affairs in the Rajya Sabha.
Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana is a former Indian judge and journalist who served as the 48th Chief Justice of India.
Justice Gita Mittal is a retired Indian judge. She is the former Chief Justice of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court and the first woman judge to serve in that capacity. She has also served as the Acting Chief Justice of Delhi High Court while she was serving as a Judge of the Delhi High Court.
Narayan Shukla(born 18 July 1958) also known as SN Shukla was an Allahabad High Court Judge. The Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra has written to the President of India recommending his removal for his alleged involvement in the medical college admission scam.
The Unnao rape case refers to the gang rape of a 17-year-old girl on 4 June 2017 in Unnao,Uttar Pradesh,India. On 16 December 2019,former BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar was convicted for the rape on 20 December 2019 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Further,Sengar was found guilty in the death of the girl's father in judicial custody.
Vijaya Kamlesh Tahilramani is a former Indian judge and prosecutor,who last served as the Chief Justice of the Madras High Court. Previously,as a judge of the Bombay High Court,she notably upheld the conviction of several persons for the rape of a pregnant Muslim woman during the 2002 Gujarat riots,chastising investigative authorities for their inaction in the matter,and also refused parole for those convicted in the 1993 Bombay bombings. She retired in 2019,after refusing to accept a controversial transfer from the Madras High Court to the Meghalaya High Court.
Rekha Dikshit is a former judge of Allahabad High Court,in Uttar Pradesh,India. She has been the trial judge in several notable cases,including the case of Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, a controversial case concerning the payment of maintenance to Muslim women in India,as well as the Taj Corridor case and the Uttar Pradesh NRHM scam.
Manju Rani Chauhan is an additional judge of the Allahabad High Court,in Uttar Pradesh,India. She gained public attention in 2019,as she was the judge in several widely publicized cases,including a case concerning allegations of rape against BJP politician Chinmayanand,and a case concerning allegations of illegal acquisition of land against Samajwadi Party politician Azam Khan.
Mridula Bhatkar is a former judge of the Bombay High Court,in Maharashtra,India,serving on the court between 2009 and 2019. She adjudicated in several notable cases during her tenure as a judge,including the Jalgaon rape case,the 2006 Mumbai train bombings,and the conviction of Gujarat police officers and doctors in the 2002 gangrape of Bilkis Bano.
Usha Mehra is a former judge of the Delhi High Court,in India. She authored a significant report on lapses in police and judicial procedure in investigating and prosecuting cases of sexual assault in India,following the 2012 Delhi gang-rape and murder.
Rajesh Bindal is a judge of Supreme Court of India. He is the former chief justice of Allahabad High Court. He has also earlier served as the acting chief justice of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court and the Calcutta High Court.
Justice Ravindra Maithani is an Indian Judge at the High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital since December 2018. He is due to retire not earlier than June 2027.
Sultana Mirza &Anr. v. State Of Uttar Pradesh &Ors. (2020),a decision of the Allahabad High Court,established that the Constitutional Court bears the responsibility of overseeing and upholding both constitutional morality and the rights of citizens,particularly when these rights are endangered solely due to their sexual orientation.
Rohit Sagar &Anr. versus State of Uttarakhand &Ors.(2021), a decision of the Uttarakhand High Court,established the right of legal adults to select their own partners and instructed the police to ensure the couple's safety and safeguard their property.
Ujjawal &Anr. versus State of Haryana&Ors.(2021),a case where Punjab and Haryana High Court,refused to provide police protection to a couple facing threat to their lives and personal liberty,citing potential disruption to "social fabric of the society."
