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Esrange Space Center is a rocket range and research centre located about 40 kilometers east of the town of Kiruna in northern Sweden. It is a base for scientific research with high-altitude balloons, investigation of the aurora borealis, sounding rocket launches, and satellite tracking, among other things. Located 200 km north of the Arctic Circle and surrounded by a vast wilderness, its geographic location is ideal for many of these purposes.
The Swedish Space Corporation, SSC, also registered as Svenska rymdaktiebolaget, is a Swedish space services company. SSC operations consist of launches of sounding rockets and stratospheric balloons, tests of future generation rocket engines and new rocket fuels, operation and maintenance of space and aviation systems, as well as satellite communications through the use of SSC ground stations deployed around the world. SSC is also working on developing its Space Surveillance Tracking (SST) and Space Traffic Management (STM) programs with the aim to identify, assess and minimize risks of collisions and disruptions associated with space debris.
The Swedish Institute of Space Physics is a Swedish government agency. The institute's primary task is to carry out basic research, education and associated observatory activities in space physics, space technology and atmospheric physics.
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Yohkoh, known before launch as Solar-A, was a Solar observatory spacecraft of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan), in collaboration with space agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom. It was launched into Earth orbit on August 30, 1991 by the M-3SII rocket from Kagoshima Space Center. It took its first soft X-ray image on 13 September 1991, 21:53:40, and movie representations of the X-ray corona over 1991-2001 are available at the Yohkoh Legacy site.
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) is a submillimeter telescope that hangs from a high-altitude balloon. It has a 2-meter primary mirror that directs light into bolometer arrays operating at 250, 350, and 500 μm. These arrays were developed for the SPIRE instrument on the Herschel Space Observatory. The project is carried out by a multi-university consortium headed by the University of Pennsylvania and which also includes University of Toronto, Brown University, the University of Miami, the University of British Columbia, JPL, INAOE, and Cardiff University. The third flight of BLAST in Antarctica was a scientific success, but much of telescope was destroyed after landing. It has been rebuilt for a flight from Antarctica in the 2010-11 austral summer. This most recent flight of BLAST has a polarimeter to observe the polarized light from star forming cores. The light is polarized due to magnetic fields. It is thought that the magnetic fields inhibit the collapse of the cores. The Herschel Space Observatory does not have a polarimeter.
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PERDaix is a novel, small and light weight magnetic spectrometer to measure the charge and mass dependent solar modulation periodically for deeper understanding of cosmic rays. For a better understanding of sources and acceleration of cosmic particles direct measurements of cosmic rays are necessary. Also for a better understanding of the solar modulation which is expected to follow the 22-year solar cycle, time dependent measurements are needed. PERDaix is a newly designed detector which is constructed by the Department of Physics 1b, RWTH Aachen University. Being proposed to the German Space Agency in November 2009 for a participation in the BEXUS Program after a first canceled flight attempt in October 2010 the actual flight took place as a post-BEXUS-campaign flight opportunity in November 2010.
A balloon-borne telescope is a type of airborne telescope, a sub-orbital astronomical telescope that is suspended below one or more stratospheric balloons, allowing it to be lifted above the lower, dense part of the Earth's atmosphere. This has the advantage of improving the resolution limit of the telescope at a much lower cost than for a space telescope. It also allows observation of frequency bands that are blocked by the atmosphere.
The Mobile Rocket Base, abbreviated MORABA, is a department of the DLR Space Operations and Astronaut Training in Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich. Since the 1960s, the MORABA has performed scientific high altitude research missions with unmanned rockets and balloons, and has developed the required mechanical and electrical systems. Their operational areas include upper atmosphere research, microgravity research, astronomy, geophysics, materials science, as well as hypersonic research.
References
- ↑ "Sunrise - A balloon-borne solar telescope". MPS.
- ↑ "Brief instrument overview" (PDF). Sunrise consortium. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ↑ Sami Solanki. "First results from the Sunrise mission" (PDF). Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Barthol, P; Gandorfer, A; Solanki, S; Knolker, M; Pillet, V; Schmidt, W; Title, A (2008). "SUNRISE: High resolution UV/VIS observations of the sun from the stratosphere" (PDF). Advances in Space Research. 42 (1): 70–77. Bibcode:2008AdSpR..42...70T. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.024.
- ↑ Berkefeld, T.; Schmidt, W.; Soltau, D.; Bell, A.; Doerr, H. P.; Feger, B.; Friedlein, R.; Gerber, K.; Heidecke, F.; Kentischer, T.; Lühe, O.; Sigwarth, M.; Wälde, E.; Barthol, P.; Deutsch, W.; Gandorfer, A.; Germerott, D.; Grauf, B.; Meller, R.; Álvarez-Herrero, A.; Knölker, M.; Martínez Pillet, V.; Solanki, S. K.; Title, A. M. (2010). "The Wave-Front Correction System for the Sunrise Balloon-Borne Solar Observatory". Solar Physics. 268 (1): 103–123. arXiv: 1009.3196 . Bibcode:2011SoPh..268..103B. doi:10.1007/s11207-010-9676-3. S2CID 119186998.
- ↑ Schmidt, W.; Solanki, S.K.; Barthol, P.; Berkefeld, T.; Gandorfer, A.; Knölker, M.; Martínez Pillet, V.; Schüssler, M.; Title, A. (2010). "SUNRISE - Impressions from a successful science flight". Astronomische Nachrichten. 331 (6): 601. Bibcode:2010AN....331..601S. doi:10.1002/asna.201011383.
- ↑ Martínez Pillet, V; del Toro Iniesta, JC (2011). "The Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX) for the Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory". Solar Physics. 268 (1): 57–102. arXiv: 1009.1095 . Bibcode:2011SoPh..268...57M. doi: 10.1007/s11207-010-9644-y .
- ↑ "Giant SUNRISE Telescope Successfully Launched". Spaceref. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
The giant telescope SUNRISE was launched from Esrange Space Center in northern Sweden. At 08.05 (local time) this morning, the largest balloon born telescope ever took off from Swedish Space Corporation's (SSC) launch facility at Esrange Space Center in northern Sweden.
- ↑ "Deutsche Forscher starten Sonnenteleskop "Sunrise"" (in German). Spiegelonline. 8 June 2009.
- ↑ "Sunrise Science-Blog". MPS.
- 1 2 "Esrange website". Archived from the original on 21 October 2013.
- 1 2 "SUNRISE, successfully lifted off on June 12". SSC group . Retrieved 1 February 2014.
SUNRISE was successfully launched from Esrange Space Center on June 12, 2013 at 05.38 UTC.