Supreme Head of the Church of England

Last updated
Supreme Head of the
Church of England
Flag of England.svg
After Hans Holbein the Younger - Portrait of Henry VIII - Google Art Project.jpg
Longest in office
Henry VIII

1531 – 1547
Church of England
Style Majesty
Residence Palace of Whitehall
Constituting instrument Act of Supremacy of 1534
PrecursorNone
Formation1531
First holder Henry VIII
Final holder Mary I
Abolished1555
Succession Supreme Governor of the Church of England

The title of Supreme Head of the Church of England was created in 1531 [1] for King Henry VIII when he first began to separate the Church of England from the authority of the Holy See and allegiance to the papacy, then represented by Pope Clement VII. The Act of Supremacy of 1534 confirmed the King's status as having supremacy over the church and required the nobility to swear an oath recognising Henry's supremacy. [1] By 1536, Henry had broken with Rome, seized assets of the Catholic Church in England and Wales and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head. Pope Paul III excommunicated Henry in 1538 over his divorce from Catherine of Aragon.

Henry's daughter, Queen Mary I, a staunch Catholic, attempted to restore the English church's allegiance to the Pope and repealed the Act of Supremacy in 1555. [2] Her half-sister, Elizabeth I, took the throne in 1558 and Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy of 1558 that restored the original act. [3] The new Oath of Supremacy that nobles were required to swear gave the Queen's title as supreme governor of the church rather than supreme head, to avoid the charge that the monarchy was claiming divinity or usurping Christ, whom the Bible explicitly identifies as Head of the Church.

List of supreme heads

NameYearsNotes
Henry VIII of England 1531–1547
Edward VI of England 1547–1553With Thomas Cranmer, authorised the Book of Common Prayer.
Lady Jane Grey 1553Reign's legitimacy is disputed.
Mary I of England and Philip 1553–1555From 1554 the couple omitted the title, without statutory authority until authorised by Parliament in 1555. Promoted the Catholic Reformation in England and Wales.

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References

  1. 1 2 "Henry VIII". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1910.
  2. "Mary Tudor". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1910.
  3. Gee, Henry; Hardy, William John, eds. (1896). "Elizabeth's Supremacy Act, Restoring Ancient Jurisdiction (1559), 1 Elizabeth, Cap. 1". Documents Illustrative of English Church History. New York: Macmillan: 442–458. Retrieved 23 March 2018.