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A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Since 2017, supercomputers have existed which can perform over 1017 FLOPS (a hundred quadrillion FLOPS, 100 petaFLOPS or 100 PFLOPS). For comparison, a desktop computer has performance in the range of hundreds of gigaFLOPS (1011) to tens of teraFLOPS (1013). Since November 2017, all of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers run on Linux-based operating systems. Additional research is being conducted in the United States, the European Union, Taiwan, Japan, and China to build faster, more powerful and technologically superior exascale supercomputers.
Grid computing is the use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal. A computing grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve many files. Grid computing is distinguished from conventional high-performance computing systems such as cluster computing in that grid computers have each node set to perform a different task/application. Grid computers also tend to be more heterogeneous and geographically dispersed than cluster computers. Although a single grid can be dedicated to a particular application, commonly a grid is used for a variety of purposes. Grids are often constructed with general-purpose grid middleware software libraries. Grid sizes can be quite large.
Db2 is a family of data management products, including database servers, developed by IBM. It initially supported the relational model, but was extended to support object–relational features and non-relational structures like JSON and XML. The brand name was originally styled as DB/2, then DB2 until 2017 and finally changed to its present form.
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Several centers for supercomputing exist across Europe, and distributed access to them is coordinated by European initiatives to facilitate high-performance computing. One such initiative, the HPC Europa project, fits within the Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications (DEISA), which was formed in 2002 as a consortium of eleven supercomputing centers from seven European countries. Operating within the CORDIS framework, HPC Europa aims to provide access to supercomputers across Europe.
Singularity is a free and open-source computer program that performs operating-system-level virtualization also known as containerization.
Performance portability refers to the ability of computer programs and applications to operate effectively across different platforms. Developers of performance portable applications seek to support multiple platforms without impeding performance, and ideally while minimizing platform-specific code.
References
- ↑ "IBM Spectrum Symphony Editions"
- ↑ "IBM Spectrum Symphony (formerly Platform Symphony) releases version 7.1.2". IBM .
- ↑ "Platform Computing announces Symphony 4". Enter the Grid. 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ↑ "Platform Symphony Optimizes Cell-Based BladeCenter in Banks". Fox Business. 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-03-20.[ dead link ]
- ↑ "Grid computing: The term may fade, but features will live on". Tech World. 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ↑ "Platform Speeds Up Symphony". Grid Computing Planet. 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
- ↑ Shread, Paul (2007-12-11). "Platform Speeds Up Symphony". Grid Computing Planet. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
- ↑ "Platform Targets Banks with Symphony 3". Grid Today. 2006-06-26. Archived from the original on July 10, 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
