THOR (weapon)

Last updated

The Tactical High-power Operational Responder (THOR) is a high-power microwave directed energy weapon developed by the United State Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL).

Contents

Design

THOR is designed to counter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by sending out a high-power, short pulse of microwaves to disable electronics through overwhelming critical components intended to carry electrical currents. This is effective at intercepting drone swarms; while a laser needs time to burn through one at a time, an HPM can fire in an arc to disable multiple at once and refire in rapid succession. Compared to hard-kill methods for engaging drones, THOR's radio bursts have a wider engagement range, are silent, and are instantaneous. Intended for base defense, the system resembles a 20 ft (6.1 m) shipping container with a satellite dish attached. It can be transported on a C-130 Hercules and assembled by two personnel in under three hours. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

History

THOR first began testing in spring 2019. The system was developed quickly in 18 months for $18 million. The program represents a collaboration between AFRL, BAE Systems, Leidos, and Verus Research, an engineering firm based in Albuquerque. [6] [7] [8] An Air Force official said in December 2020 that THOR was being tested "in a real-world setting" in Africa, [9] but that statement was then retracted. [10]

The AFRL began solicitations for contractors to develop a follow-on prototype to THOR in July 2021 called Mjölnir, named after Thor's hammer to keep the new system's name in the family. Mjölnir will incorporate improvements in capability, reliability, and manufacturing readiness to produce a deployable system that can be made in large numbers. In February 2022, the AFRL awarded Leidos a $26 million contract to build the system. [4] [11]

On 5 April 2023, THOR successfully engaged multiple targets in a simulated swarm attack in a demonstration at the Chestnut Test Site, Kirtland Air Force Base; the number of drones downed and at what range was not disclosed. [7] [8] [12] [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DARPA</span> Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AAI RQ-7 Shadow</span> American unmanned aerial vehicle

The AAI RQ-7 Shadow is an American unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used by the United States Army, Australian Army, Swedish Army, Turkish Air Force and Italian Army for reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition and battle damage assessment. Launched from a trailer-mounted pneumatic catapult, it is recovered with the aid of arresting gear similar to jets on an aircraft carrier. Its gimbal-mounted, digitally stabilized, liquid nitrogen-cooled electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) camera relays video in real time via a C-band line-of-sight data link to the ground control station (GCS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing YAL-1</span> Airborne laser demonstrator aircraft by Boeing

The Boeing YAL-1 airborne laser testbed was a modified Boeing 747-400F with a megawatt-class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) mounted inside. It was primarily designed to test its feasibility as a missile defense system to destroy tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs) while in boost phase. The aircraft was designated YAL-1A in 2004 by the U.S. Department of Defense.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Directed-energy weapon</span> Type of weapon that fires a concentrated beam of energy at its target

A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy without a solid projectile, including lasers, microwaves, particle beams, and sound beams. Potential applications of this technology include weapons that target personnel, missiles, vehicles, and optical devices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance</span> Military doctrinal concept

ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Air Force Research Laboratory</span> Scientific research organization for the US Air Force and US Space Force

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is a scientific research and development detachment of the United States Air Force Materiel Command dedicated to leading the discovery, development, and integration of direct-energy based aerospace warfighting technologies, planning and executing the Air Force science and technology program, and providing warfighting capabilities to United States air, space, and cyberspace forces. It controls the entire Air Force science and technology research budget which was $2.4 billion in 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mjolnir (comics)</span> Hammer of the god Thor in the Marvel Comics universe

Mjolnir, known more formally as Mjölnir is a fictional magical weapon appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is depicted as the principal weapon of the superhero Thor. Mjolnir, which first appears in Journey into Mystery #83, was created by writers Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and designed by artists Jack Kirby and Joe Sinnott.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Advanced Tactical Laser</span> Experimental U.S. military program

The Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) program was a US military program to mount a high energy laser weapon on an aircraft, initially the AC-130 gunship, for use against ground targets in urban or other areas where minimizing collateral damage is important. The laser was a 100 kilowatt-class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). It was expected to have a tactical range of approximately twenty kilometres and weigh about 5,000–7,000 kg. This program is distinct from the Airborne Laser, which was a much larger system designed to destroy enemy missiles in the boost phase.

The High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System (HELLADS), is a counter-RAM system under development that will use a powerful (150 kW) laser to shoot down rockets, missiles, artillery and mortar shells. The initial system will be demonstrated from a static ground-based installation, but in order to eventually be integrated on an aircraft, the final design would require a maximum weight of 750 kg (1,650 lb) and a maximum envelope of 2 cubic meters (70.6 feet3).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laser weapon</span> Directed-energy weapon using lasers

A laser weapon is a type of directed-energy weapon that uses lasers to inflict damage. Whether they will be deployed as practical, high-performance military weapons remains to be seen. One of the major issues with laser weapons is atmospheric thermal blooming, which is still largely unsolved. This issue is exacerbated when there is fog, smoke, dust, rain, snow, smog, foam, or purposely dispersed obscurant chemicals present. In essence, a laser generates a beam of light that requires clear air or a vacuum to operate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System</span> American 2.75-inch precision guided rocket

The AGR-20 Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) is a design conversion of Hydra 70 unguided rockets with a laser guidance kit to turn them into precision-guided munitions (PGMs). APKWS is approximately one-third the cost and one-third the weight of the current inventory of laser-guided weapons, has a lower yield more suitable for avoiding collateral damage, and takes one quarter of the time for ordnance personnel to load and unload.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elbit Hermes 450</span> Israeli military drone, 1998

The Elbit Hermes 450 is an Israeli medium-sized multi-payload unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed for tactical long endurance missions. It has an endurance of over 20 hours, with a primary mission of reconnaissance, surveillance and communications relay. Payload options include electro-optical/infrared sensors, communications and electronic intelligence, synthetic-aperture radar/ground-moving target indication, electronic warfare, and hyperspectral sensors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypersonic flight</span> Flight at altitudes lower than 90km and at speeds above Mach 5

Hypersonic flight is flight through the atmosphere below altitudes of about 90 km at speeds greater than Mach 5, a speed where dissociation of air begins to become significant and high heat loads exist. Speeds over Mach 25 have been achieved below the thermosphere as of 2020.

The Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project (CHAMP) is a joint concept technology demonstration led by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate at Kirtland Air Force Base to develop an air-launched directed-energy weapon capable of incapacitating or damaging electronic systems by means of an EMP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AN/SEQ-3 Laser Weapon System</span> Directed-energy weapon

The AN/SEQ-3 Laser Weapon System or XN-1 LaWS is a laser weapon developed by the United States Navy. The weapon was installed on USS Ponce for field testing in 2014. In December 2014, the United States Navy reported that the LaWS system worked perfectly against low-end asymmetric threats, and that the commander of Ponce was authorized to use the system as a defensive weapon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raytheon Coyote</span> Type of aircraft

The Raytheon Coyote is a small, expendable, unmanned aircraft system built by the Raytheon Company, with the capability of operating in autonomous swarms. It is launched from a sonobuoy canister with the wings deploying in early flight phase.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie</span> Planned stealth unmanned combat air vehicle for the US Air Force

The Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie is an experimental stealthy unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) designed and built by Kratos Defense & Security Solutions for the United States Air Force's Low Cost Attritable Strike Demonstrator (LCASD) program, under the USAF Research Laboratory's Low Cost Attritable Aircraft Technology (LCAAT) project portfolio. It was initially designated the XQ-222. The Valkyrie completed its first flight on 5 March 2019 at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multi-Mission Launcher</span> United States Army missile launching system

The Multi-Mission Launcher (MML) is an open-systems architecture multi-role missile launching system created by the United States Army's Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center.

The Leonidas is a high-power microwave (HPM) weapon developed to disable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. It was named after Leonidas of Epirus.

The Radio Frequency Directed Energy Weapon (RFDEW) is a British directed-energy weapon and electronic warfare (EW) system currently under development for the British Armed Forces. It is a joint project of the UK Ministry of Defence's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory and Defence Equipment & Support agencies, working in conjunction with industry partners. It was first unveiled publicly on 16 May 2024 and was developed under Project Hersa.

References