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Nephthys or Nebet-Het in ancient Egyptian was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion. A member of the Great Ennead of Heliopolis in Egyptian mythology, she was a daughter of Nut and Geb. Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set.
Sitre or Tia-Sitre, was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses I of Egypt and mother of Seti I.
QV66 is the tomb of Nefertari, the Great Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses II, in Egypt's Valley of the Queens. It was discovered by Ernesto Schiaparelli in 1904. It is called the Sistine Chapel of Ancient Egypt. Nefertari, which means "beautiful companion", was Ramesses II's favorite wife; he went out of his way to make this obvious, referring to her as "the one for whom the sun shines" in his writings, built the Temple of Hathor to idolize her as a deity, and commissioned portraiture wall paintings. In the Valley of the Queens, Nefertari's tomb once held the mummified body and representative symbolisms of her, consistent with most Egyptian tombs of the period. Now, everything had been looted except for two thirds of the 5,200 square feet of wall paintings. For what still remains, these wall paintings characterized Nefertari's character. Her face received particular attention to emphasize her beauty, especially the shape of her eyes, the blush of her cheeks, and her eyebrows. Some paintings were full of lines and color of red, blue, yellow, and green that portrayed exquisite directions to navigating through the afterlife to paradise.
The Divine Adoratrice of Amun was a second title – after God's Wife of Amun – created for the chief priestess of the ancient Egyptian deity Amun. During the first millennium BCE, when the holder of this office exercised her largest measure of influence, her position was an important appointment facilitating the transfer of power from one pharaoh to the next, when his daughter was adopted to fill it by the incumbent office holder. The Divine Adoratrice ruled over the extensive temple duties and domains, controlling a significant part of the ancient Egyptian economy.
God's Wife of Amun was the highest-ranking priestess of the Amun cult, an important religious institution in ancient Egypt. The cult was centered in Thebes in Upper Egypt during the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth dynasties. The office had political importance as well as religious, since the two were closely related in ancient Egypt.
Tomb KV9 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings was originally constructed by Pharaoh Ramesses V. He was interred here, but his uncle, Ramesses VI, later reused the tomb as his own. The layout is typical of the 20th Dynasty – the Ramesside period – and is much simpler than that of Ramesses III's tomb (KV11). The workmen accidentally broke into KV12 as they dug one of the corridors. In 2020, the Egyptian Tourism Authority released a full 3D model of the tomb with detailed photography, available online.
Tomb KV1, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses VII of the Twentieth Dynasty. Although it has been open since antiquity, it was only properly investigated and cleared by Edwin Brock in 1984 and 1985. The single corridor tomb is located in Luxor's West Bank, and is small in comparison to other tombs of the Twentieth Dynasty.
The Theban Tomb TT390 is located in South El-Assasif, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian female scribe and Chief attendant of the Divine Adoratrice of Amun, Nitocris I, Irterau. Irterau lived during the reign of Psamtik I She was the daughter of the Divine Father of Amun Ipwer and his wife Tashaiu. In the court of the tomb her grandfather Zeho is also mentioned. Zeho was also a Divine Father of Amun.
The Theban Tomb TT37 is located in El-Assasif. It forms part of the Theban Necropolis, situated on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor. The tomb is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Harwa, who was Chief Steward of the God's Wife of Amun, Amenirdis I, during the 25th Dynasty. Harwa was the son of the scribe Pedemut and his wife Estawert.
The Theban Tomb TT81 is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian official, Ineni and his family.
Puimre, also spelled Puyemrê, was an ancient Egyptian noble, architect and Second Priest of Amun during the reign of Thutmose III of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Puia and Lady Nefer-iah, and had two wives: Tanefert and Sensonb. His wife Sensonb was the daughter of Puimre's superior, the High Priest of Amun Hapuseneb and his wife Amenhotep. Sensonb served in the temple of Amun as a Divine Adoratrice.
The Theban Tomb TT31 is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian official, Khonsu, who was First Prophet of Menkheperre, during the 19th Dynasty or 20th Dynasty.
Tyti was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 20th Dynasty. A wife and sister of Ramesses III and possibly the mother of Ramesses IV.
Geb was the Egyptian god of the earth and a mythological member of the Ennead of Heliopolis. He could also be considered a father of snakes. It was believed in ancient Egypt that Geb's laughter created earthquakes and that he allowed crops to grow.
The Theban Tomb TT48 is located in El-Khokha, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. TT48 was the burial place of the ancient Egyptian named Amenemhat called Surer, who was a Chief Steward, At the head of the King, Overseer of the Cattle of Amun. Amenemhat called Surer dates to the time of Amenhotep III from the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He was a son of Ith-taui, who was an overseer of the cattle of Amun and the lady Mut-tuy.
The Theban Tomb TT111 is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. The tomb belongs to a 19th Dynasty ancient Egyptian named Amenwahsu, who was a Scribe of divine writing of the estate of Amun during the reign of Ramesses II. Amenwahsu was a son of Simut, who was a head of outline draughtsmen, and the lady Wiay. Amenwhasu's wife was named Iuy. She was a songstress of Bubastis.
The Theban Tomb TT169 is located in Dra' Abu el-Naga', part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Senna, who was the head of the goldworkers of Amun during the reign of Amenhotep II in the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Tomb TT191, located in the necropolis of El-Assasif in Thebes, Egypt, is the tomb of Wahibre-Nebpehti, who was the chamberlain of the Divine Adoratrice of Amun and the director of the festival from the time of Psamtik I.
Tomb TT189 is located in the necropolis of El-Assasif in Thebes, Egypt. It contains the sepulchre of Nakhtdjehuty, who was an overseer of the carpenters of the northern lake of the god Amun and the head of the goldworkers in the Estate of Amun during the 19th Dynasty reign of Ramesses II. Nakhtdjehuty's tomb is part of the TT192 tomb complex.
Nespamedu was an ancient Egyptian Vizier who officiated during the 25th Dynasty during the reign of Taharqa. Nespamedu followed his father Nespaqashuty C as vizier.
References
- 1 2 Jan Assmann: Das Grab der Mutirdis. (Reihe: Archäologische Veröffentlichungen Bd. 13), von Zabern, Mainz 1977, ISBN 978-3-8053-0042-1.
- 1 2 Jean Li, Women, Gender and Identity in Third Intermediate Period Egypt: The Theban Case Study, Taylor & Francis, 2017, ISBN 978-1-317-29830-4