Table football, known as foosball[a] or table soccer in North America, is a tabletop game loosely based on association football.[1] Its objective is to move the ball into the opponent's goal by manipulating rods which have figures attached resembling football players of two opposing teams. Although its rules often vary by country and region when the game is played casually, competitive-level table football is played according to a unified code.
Patents for similar table games date back as early as the 1890s in Germany and France. In 1921, Harold Searles Thornton patented the game in the United Kingdom as "Apparatus for playing a game of table football", seen as the first patent for a game with the same core playing features as in modern times.[2][3] His design inspiration came from a box of matches.[3]
Belgian magazine Le Soir illustré claimed in 1979 the French inventor Lucien Rosengart (1881–1976) came up with the game of table football in the 1930s when he was looking for things to keep his grandchildren entertained during the cold winter months. He called the game babyfoot.[4][5]
Galician inventor Alejandro Finisterre patented his invention of table football, futbolín, in Madrid during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. His version is the one used in modern-day table football.[6]
The game was eventually brought to the United States in the 1950s by Lawrence Patterson, reaching its peak of popularity there in the 1970s, when it could be found in bars and pool halls throughout the country.[3] The name foosball became common in the United States via German imports that called it "tischfußball" (lit. "table football").[7][8]
In 2002, the International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF) was established in France with the mission of promoting the game. It acts as an organising sports body, regulating international competitions and establishing the game with the International Olympic Committee and General Association of International Sport Federation.[3]
The game
Table footballA Greek table football player
The game involves using figures mounted on rotating bars to kick a ball into the opposing goal. Table football tables can vary in size, but a typical table for adult play is typically 150cm long and 90cm wide, while smaller tables are typically built for children usage. The table usually contains eight rows of foos men, which are plastic, metal, wooden, or sometimes carbon-fibre figures mounted on horizontal metal bars. Each team of one or two human players controls four rows of foos men, one row each for the goalkeeper, defenders, midfield and strikers. Players manipulate the rods to control the figures, using them to hold up, pass or 'kick' the ball. Games begin when the ball is served through a hole at the side of the table, or simply placed by hand at the feet of a figure in the centre of the table. A coin toss is usually used to determine which player or team serves first. If it is not the first match or if the ball gets out of play or if the ball suddenly stops out, then the team scored last would get the serve after he scores one. The term for when the ball leaves the table or gets stopped somewhere out of the men-like figures’ reach is dead ball.[9] Expert players have been known to move balls at speeds up to 56 km/h (35 mph) in competition.[10]
The rules prohibit "over 360-degree shots", or "spinning": using the palm of the hand to swiftly spin the bar all around, instead of using wrist strokes to kick the ball with a bar-mounted figure.[11] Since the establishment of the International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF), the rules have become standardised in most international competitions. The rules say that a full 360-degree rotation before or after hitting the ball is considered spinning, and thus forbidden (although, if a spinning rod hits the ball backwards into their own goal, it will count as a goal for the opposing team). If an ungrasped rod is spun by the force of a ball hitting a player figure on the rod, the spin will be considered legitimate. [11]
The winner is determined when one team scores a predetermined number of goals, typically five, ten or eleven in competition. When playing Bonzini competitions, the target number of goals is seven and players must win by at least two clear goals.
The following arrangement is common to ITSF competition tables,[12] though there are substantial variations, particularly in Spain and South America, where the Futbolín table model (or variants) is common and uses a different configuration. Looking from left to right on one side of the table, the configuration is usually as follows:
Children enjoy table football
Row
Position
Number of men (variant)
Typical colours
1
Goalkeeper
1 (3)
red or black
2
Defence
2 (3)
red or black
3
Opponent's attack
3 (2)
blue or white
4
Midfield
5 (4)
red or black
5
Opponent's midfield
5 (4)
blue or white
6
Attack
3 (2)
red or black
7
Opponent's defence
2 (3)
blue or white
8
Opponent's goalkeeper
1 (3)
blue or white
Table football can be played by two individuals (singles), and also with four people (doubles), in which there are teams of two people on either side. In this scenario, one player usually controls the two defensive rows and the other team member uses the midfield and attack rows. In informal matches, three or four players per side are also common.
A Garlando style table with a game in progressAn 11-per-side Leonhart table football game in BerlinThe largest table football using 1-metre Buddy Bear figures was set up in Berlin for the 2006 FIFA World Cup
Table football is often played for fun in pubs, bars, workplaces, schools, and clubs with few rules. Table football is also played in official competitions organized by a number of national organizations, with highly evolved rules and regulations.
The ITSF now regulates International events including the annual World Championships and the World Cup. The World Cup was originally intended to coincide with the FIFA World Cup, but since January 2009 it has run annually. In the ITSF World Cup and World Championships 2013, almost 500 players from 30 countries congregated in Nantes, France to compete.
The ITSF World Tour has also recently expanded to include Asian countries. China, Taiwan and Malaysia played host to ITSF sanctioned tournaments in 2013.[13] In 2016, the Philippines hosted The Manila Bay Open.
Tables
A vast number of different table types exist. As of 2019, there are 5 official ITSF table brands (Bonzini, Roberto Sport, Garlando, Tornado, Leonhart), which are involved in an ITSF World Cup and World Championships and which may host an ITSF World Series.[14] In the past, these brands also included Fireball, Eurosoccer and Tecball. Moreover, ITSF recognises additional brands for international and professional tournaments, namely Warrior, Fireball, Ullrich Sport, Rosengart and Guardian.
Several companies have created "luxury versions" of table football tables. There was a 7-metre table created by artist Maurizio Cattelan for a piece called Stadium. It takes 11 players to a side. Differences in the table types have great influence on the playing styles. Most European tables have one goalie whose movements are restricted to the goal area while they have corners that are sloped, while a minority of brands in America utilises 3 goalies and flat corners. Another major difference between table types is found in the balls, which can be made of wood (cork in the case of traditional French tables), various forms of plastic or rarely even marble and metal, varying the speed of shots a great deal, as well as the "grip" between the man and the ball and the ball and the playing surface.
Robotic players
The table football robot Foosbot is claimed to have been beaten by a human several times, but has been tested against expert players.[15][16] Yet another table football robot is under development by two students at the Technical University of Denmark. The robot uses a camera mounted above an ordinary table.[17] Another bot has been developed by two students at the EPFL in Switzerland.[18]
Specific terms
"Snake-shot" or "roll-over" - a term describing when the ball is shot from the offensive players striker position with a pin near the forward of the ball and full utilization of the degrees of motion allowed. After the pin the offensive player uses their wrist to rotate their striker and shoot the ball with maximum strength towards the desired angle[19]
"Back-stabbing" - a term used when the ball is hit against the wall. Afterward, it rebounds into the back of the opposing defensive player and ends up in the opponent's goal. This move is rarely seen in professional matches due to the high skills required for execution but can be highly effective against well-organized defenses. The element of surprise and special techniques are employed to catch the opponent off guard.[citation needed]
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport.
Table tennis is a racket sport derived from tennis but distinguished by its playing surface being atop a stationary table, rather than the court on which players stand. Either individually or in teams of two, players take alternating turns returning a light, hollow ball over the table's net onto the opposing half of the court using small rackets until they fail to do so, which results in a point for the opponent. Play is fast, requiring quick reaction and constant attention, and is characterized by an emphasis on spin, which can affect the ball's trajectory more than in other ball sports.
Subbuteo is a tabletop football game in which players simulate association football by flicking miniature players with their fingers. The name is derived from the Neo-Latin scientific name Falco subbuteo, after a trademark was not granted to its creator Peter Adolph (1916–1994) to call the game "Hobby".
In sport, a goal may refer to either an instance of scoring, or to the physical structure or area where an attacking team must send the ball or puck in order to score points. The structure of a goal varies from sport to sport, and one is placed at or near each end of the playing field for each team to defend. Sports which feature goal scoring are also commonly known as invasion games.
Indoor soccer or arena soccer is a five-a-side or six-a-side version of minifootball, derived from association football and adapted to be played in walled hardcourt indoor arena. Indoor soccer, as it is most often known in the United States and Canada, was originally developed in these two countries as a way to play soccer during the winter months, when snow would make outdoor play difficult. In those countries, gymnasiums are adapted for indoor soccer play. In other countries the game is played in either indoor or outdoor arenas surrounded by walls, and is referred to by different names.
Lucien Rosengart was a French engineer.
Button football or button soccer is an association football simulation game played on a tabletop, using concave buttons or special-made disks to represent players on the pitch (field), often with a larger rectangular block as the goalkeeper piece. Board dimensions, markings, and rules of play are modeled to simulate standard football. It is popular in Brazil, as well as various countries in Europe, including Hungary, Georgia and Slovenia.
A table hockey game, also called rod hockey game, stick hockey, bubble hockey, and board hockey, is a game for two players, derived from ice hockey. The game consists of a representation of a hockey rink; the players score goals by hitting a small puck into the opposing "net" with cutout figures that represent hockey players. The figures are manipulated by rods below the "ice": each one slides forward and back along its own narrow slot when the player pushes or pulls on the rod, or rotates to shoot or stickhandle the puck when the player spins the rod. Though similar in concept to air hockey, table hockey games are more of a simulation of the sport of ice hockey while air hockey is more abstract.
Sports table football is a competitive form of tabletop football which simulates association football. Since 1992, the sport has been governed worldwide by the Federation of International Sports Table Football (FISTF). Informal play of such games date back to Newfooty Company in 1929, with Subbuteo Sports Games introducing the style of figure used in modern sports table football in 1947. (See Tabletop football § History for details.)
The International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF) is a non-profit organization based in France that promotes table soccer. The ITSF endorses soccer tables that meet requirements for international competition.
Frédéric Collignon is a table football player from Liege, Belgium.
The Valley International Foosball Association (VIFA) is an American "association of coin machine operators, foosball table manufacturer and foosball players, working together to provide increased interest in the game of foosball". The league is headquartered in Bay City, Michigan, and was founded by game equipment manufacturer Valley-Dynamo. 11th VIFA World Championship was held in 2007.
Rob Atha is a table football/foosball player from the UK, previously ranked 1st in the world and regularly ranking in the top 5 of the International Table Soccer Federation (ITSF) rankings. Atha has been the number #1 ranked player in the UK since the early 2000s.
Association football was first codified in 1863 in England, although games that involved the kicking of a ball were evident considerably earlier. A large number of football-related terms have since emerged to describe various aspects of the sport and its culture. The evolution of the sport has been mirrored by changes in this terminology over time. For instance, the role of an inside forward in variants of a 5–3–2 formation has many parallels to that of an attacking midfielder, although the positions are nonetheless distinct. Similarly, a 5–3–2 centre half can in many ways be compared to a holding midfielder in a 4–1–3–2.
Tabletop football is a class of tabletop game simulating mainly association football, but also either of the codes of rugby, or some other form of football such as American football or Australian rules football. The games employ miniature figures of players on a bounded playing board or table that looks like a football pitch (field).
Alejandro Finisterre or Alexandre de Fisterra is known as the inventor of futbolín, a Spanish variant of table football. He was also a poet, publisher and anarchist.
The 2017 season of The Challenge: Champs vs. Stars is the first season of a recurring special mini-series of MTV's long-running reality game show, The Challenge premiered November 21, 2017 and follows on from 2017's The Challenge: Champs vs. Pros. In the eight-week event, eleven alum from The Real World, The Challenge, and Are You the One? who have made it to the finals on a regular season of The Challenge compete against celebrities.
↑ Derek Workman. "The Murky History of Foosball". Smithsonian Magazine. The American "foosball" (where a player is called a "fooser") borrowed its name from the German version, "Fußball", from whence it arrived in the United States
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