Taman Proklamasi (Proclamation Park) is a park complex located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The park is located at the former property of Sukarno at what was known as the house at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur 56. The house, now demolished, is where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was first read by Sukarno. [1]
Taman Proklamasi complex was located at a plot of land where the former residence of Sukarno at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur 56. President Sukarno declared the independence of Indonesia on August 17, 1945 from the front porch of this house. The house then became known as Gedung Proklamasi (Proclamation Building). [2]
To mark the first anniversary of the declaration of Indonesian independence, a memorial – in the shape of a small obelisk – was built in 1946 by a group of women in Djakarta. This memorial, known as the Memorial Satu Tahun Republik Indonesia (One Year Anniversary of Indonesian Republic Memorial), was built at the front lawn of the Proclamation Building. [2] Later the memorial was renamed Tugu Proklamasi (Proclamation Monument).
Since then, the youths and students of Indonesia held an annual ceremony to celebrate the Declaration of Indonesian Independence on August 17. Following the full transfer of Indonesian sovereignty in 1950, the Proclamation Park was annually visited by both the President and the Vice President of Indonesia to laid flowers and honor the lost soldiers of the country. The ceremony was also attended by guests from other countries. [3]
Since 1956, the popularity of Taman Proklamasi as ceremonial gathering place began to decline. [4] Despite the advice of the city elders to have the house renovated, in the evening of August 15, 1960, Sukarno ordered the demolition of both the house and the Tugu Proklamasi memorial. [2] According to Sukarno, Tugu Proklamasi was actually Tugu Linggarjati. His statement was not clear, but apparently Sukarno thought that both the house and the monument were not grand enough to be national monuments despite their historical significance. [2] The three fragments of marble from the Tugu Proklamasi was then kept in the house of Jo Masdani as a memorial. [4] The memorial was rebuilt in 1972 under the proposal of governor Ali Sadikin.
On January 1, 1961, President Sukarno inaugurated the construction of Tugu Petir, later also known as the Proclamation Monument.
In 1972, the construction of the modernist Gedung Proklamasi (Proclamation Building) – now the Gedung Perintis Kemerdekaan (Independence Pioneers' Building) – was started. [4] In the same year, the Tugu Proklamasi which was demolished earlier was rebuilt in similar design. [2]
On August 17, 1980, the last monument of the Taman Proklamasi, the grand-sized Monument of the Proclamator Heroes Sukarno-Hatta, was inaugurated by President Suharto.
There are three memorials in the Taman Proklamasi: Memorial Satu Tahun Republik Indonesia, Tugu Petir, and Monumen Pahlawan Proklamator Sukarno-Hatta.
The Memorial Satu Tahun Republik Indonesia (Memorial to the First Anniversary of the Republic of Indonesia) was the first monument to be built in Taman Proklamasi. It was inaugurated on August 17, 1946 by Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir during the Allied occupation. [5] The memorial is in the shape of a small obelisk, with an inscription "Atas Usaha Wanita Jakarta" ("with the effort of the women of Jakarta"), a depiction of the manuscript of the Indonesian independence, and a map of Indonesia. [5] Shortly after, the memorial was renamed Tugu Proklamasi.
Tugu Proklamasi was initiated by several women figures of Indonesia, such as Jo Masdani, Mien Wiranatakusumah, Zus Ratulangi (daughter of Sam Ratulangi), Zubaedah, and Ms. Gerung. The sketch of the memorial was done by Kores Siregar, a student from the Bandung Institute of Technology. The construction started in July 1946. On the eve of the inauguration of the memorial in mid-August, the mayor of Jakarta Suwiryo refused to inaugurate the memorial due to a perceived safety issue. During the proposed time of the inauguration, the Allies had occupied Jakarta and there was a concern that they would start a massacre similar with the Amritsar massacre in India. [5] [3]
Despite the perceived concern, the women-initiators of the construction of Tugu Proklamasi decided to contact the prime minister Sutan Sjahrir in the afternoon of August 16, 1946 to lead the inauguration of the memorial. Sutan Sjahrir was willing to lead the inauguration and so he took a flight to Jakarta from Yogyakarta to inaugurate the memorial, which pushed through without incident. [5]
On August 14, 1960, the Keng Po newspaper reported that the Angkatan '45 (45 Generation) wanted the Tugu Proklamasi, mentioned as "Tugu Linggarjati", to be destroyed. Following the reports, Sukarno ordered the demolition of Tugu Proklamasi and the Proclamation Building in the evening of August 15, 1960. The circumstances were strange because the Linggadjati Agreement took place on November 10, 1946, whereas the Tugu Proklamasi was inaugurated on August 17, 1946. According to Jo Masdani, at that time the Communist Party of Indonesia had significant power to change the history. After the demolition of the memorial, three slabs of marble from the original monument was given to Jo Masdani as a memorial. [5]
In 1968, the governor of Jakarta Ali Sadikin submitted a proposal to rebuilt the original memorial that was demolished by Sukarno in 1960. This proposal was approved and on August 17, 1972, the Proclamation Monument was re-inaugurated at its original location. The inauguration was attended by many public and political figures, among them were the former Vice President Hatta. [5]
Tugu Petir or Tugu Kilat (Lightning Monument) is in the form of a 17-metre (56 ft) tall pole topped with a lightning symbol. The memorial marks the spot where Sukarno stood while reading the proclamation text. On the base of the monument is a metal inscription "Disinilah Dibatjakan Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia pada Tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 djam 10.00 pagi oleh Bung Karno dan Bung Hatta" ("This is where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was narrated on 17 August 1945 at 10 in the morning by Bung Karno and Bung Hatta") [1] The lightning symbolizes the thundering of the Indonesian declaration of independence. [6]
Monumen Pahlawan Proklamator Sukarno-Hatta (Monument of the Proclamator Heroes Sukarno-Hatta) depicts two bronze statues of Sukarno and Hatta standing side by side. Each statue weighed 1,200 kilograms (2,600 pounds), and was about 4.6 m (15 ft) and 4.3 m (14 ft) in height. The posture of the figures was taken from the photographic documentation when the proclamation was first read. The figures flank a bronze stone tablet measuring 196 cm × 290 cm (6.43 ft × 9.51 ft), and weighed 600 kg (1,300 lb); the slab depicts the manuscript of the proclamation of Indonesian independence. On the background of the statues were monolithic sculptures numbered 17, with the highest being 8 m (26 ft), with 45 protrusions on the cascade waterfalls, symbolizing the date of August 17, 1945. [7] The monument was inaugurated on August 17, 1980. [4]
Sukarno was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Mohammad Hatta was an Indonesian statesman, nationalist, and independence activist who served as the country's first vice president. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands. Hatta was an important figure during the Indonesian national awakening and during the national revolution, as a youth he was politically active both in the Netherlands and the Indies, which led him to be imprisoned in the Boven Digoel concentration camp for his activism, he also played a crucial part in the proclamation of Indonesian independence, being second the person to sign the declaration besides Sukarno, thus naming him as one of the founders of Indonesia.
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10:00 on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day.
Sutan Sjahrir was an Indonesian politician, and revolutionary independence leader, who served as the first Prime Minister of Indonesia, from 1945 until 1947. Previously, he was a key Indonesian nationalist organizer in the 1930s and 1940s. Unlike some of his colleagues, he did not support the Japanese during the Japanese occupation and fought in the resistance against them. He was considered to be an idealist and an intellectual.
Menteng is a district in the administrative city of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Menteng is surrounded by the districts of Senen and Matraman to the east, Tebet and Setiabudi to the south, Tanah Abang to the west, and Gambir to the north. Menteng is bound by the West Flood Canal to the west, Ciliwung River to the south and east, and Kebon Sirih Road to the north. Menteng is the district seat of the Central Jakarta government.
Mohamad Ibnu Sayuti, known as Sayuti Melik was an Indonesian typist. He helped type a copy of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, which Sukarno proclaimed to Indonesia on 17 August 1945. He was the husband of Soerastri Karma Trimurti, a journalist and activist in the women's rights and Indonesian independence movements.
The Third Sjahrir Cabinet was the fourth Indonesian cabinet. It served from October 1946 to June 1947, when it fell due to disagreements related to the implementation of the Linggadjati Agreement and subsequent negotiations with the Dutch.
Selamat Datang Monument, also known as the Monumen Bundaran HI or Monumen Bunderan HI, is a monument located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Completed in 1962 by sculptor Edhi Sunarso, the Selamat Datang Monument is one of the historic landmarks of Jakarta.
Bung Karno Sports Arena, formerly named Senayan Sports Arena from 1969 to 2001 and Asian Games Complex on its early days, is a sports complex located in Gelora, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. It is usually misperceived to be located at Senayan, South Jakarta, hence its former name. The sports complex hosts main stadium, secondary stadium, the Sports Palace, football fields, aquatic stadium, tennis stadiums, hockey, baseball and archery fields, and several indoor gymnasiums. The complex was built in 1960 for the 1962 Asian Games and recently underwent a major reconstruction for the 2018 Asian Games and Asian Para Games.
The Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum is a history museum in Jakarta, Indonesia. The building is where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was formulated.
Rear Admiral Tadashi Maeda was a high-ranking Imperial Japanese Navy officer during the Pacific War. Maeda played an important role in Indonesian independence; he met Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta at his house in Jakarta on 16 August 1945 and his house was used for drafting the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. After leaving military service, Maeda worked in the oil industry.
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Wikana was an Indonesian minister and independence leader. He was one of the youths who forced Sukarno and Hatta to declare independence immediately after the surrender of the Japanese. He was the first Indonesian Minister of Youth and Sport. He was a member of the Indonesian Communist Party. Sometime after the 1965 coup d'état attempt, he was arrested and went missing, it is supposed that he was one of the assassinated in the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66.
Sukarni Kartodiwirjo was an Indonesian freedom fighter and activist who demanded independence for Indonesia during the Dutch colonial era and the Japanese occupation, and was the chairman of the Murba Party until his death.
Herling Laoh was an Indonesian bureaucrat and engineer. A member of the Indonesian National Party (PNI), Laoh served as minister of public works (1947–1950) and minister of transportation (1949–1950). Born to a goldsmith and his wife in present-day North Sulawesi, he studied civil engineering at the Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (THB). After graduating in 1928, he worked as an engineer in various construction projects. Following the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, he joined the PNI and served as a minister in several cabinets. He was later involved in PRRI/Permesta rebellion, becoming a state minister in the rebel government.
Johanna Tumbuan Masdani, also known as Jo Masdani, was a pioneering figure in Indonesian independence. She was born Johanna Tumbuan in Amurang, in the region of Minahasa in North Sulawesi. She was present during two important events in Indonesian history, namely the Youth Pledge during the Second Youth Congress in 1928 and the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945. She graduated and taught in the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Indonesia.
The Rengasdengklok Incident was the kidnapping of Sukarno and Hatta by several youths (pemuda) at around 4 am on August 16, 1945 to persuade the two men to declare Indonesian independence. It was the peak of the disagreement between the older and pemuda groups over how to carry out the proclamation of independence.
Burhanuddin Mohammad Diah, born only as Burhanuddin, was an Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and businessman, who served as the 18th Indonesian Minister of Information from 1966 until 1968, under the presidencies of Sukarno and Suharto, during the transition to the New Order. He was present at the time of the Proclamation of Independence was being formulated, and was a figure who played an important role in saving the original text of the Proclamation.
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