Tanah Kao

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Tanah Kao (Land of Kao) or Kao Raya (Greater Kao) is a designation for the area inhabited by Kao people in North Halmahera Regency, North Maluku. [1] Administratively, its territory includes the districts of Kao, Kao Teluk, Kao Barat, Kao Utara, and Malifut.

Contents

History

In a journal entitled Situs Kampung Tua Kao: Identitas Asal Usul dan Jejak Peradaban Islam di Wilayah Pedalaman Halmahera Utara, published by Research and Development Agency Ministry of Education and Culture, explained that the relationship between Tanah Kao and the Sultanate of Ternate on Ternate Island is not much mentioned in various literatures. Most of the literature mentions about the Tobelo in relation to the history of Hibualamo and the Moro Kingdom. However, based on the speech tradition of the people, it is stated that the identity of the origin of the North Halmahera society comes from Talaga Lina in Tanah Kao. It is on the basis of this tradition of speech that it is the basis for research on the historic site of Kampung Tua Kao (Kao Old Village). This research reveals the tracing of the identity of the community that inhabited Kampung Tua Kao in the past and traces of Islamic civilization in Kampung Tua Kao using library search methods, field surveys, and archaeological excavations. The results of his research reveal that based on the results of literature searches and previous research, there are a number of theories that explain the identity of the origins of the Kao community. However, when traced back it all came from the Talaga Lina in Tanah Kao. Based on archaeological surveys and excavations at the Kao Old Village site, a number of archaeological remains were found in the form of artifacts and features. Artifact remains found include various foreign pottery and ceramic fragments, while feature remains found include a number of ancient tombs, tombstone, lutur, and umpak-umpak mosque. Based on these data, this research proves the existence of a Muslim community that once lived and inhabited the Kampung Tua Kao site in the past and various cultural interactions occur within the community. [2]

Tanah Kao itself is an area in the northern part Halmahera which is inhabited by four Kao sub-ethnic, namely Pagu, Modole, Boeng, and Towiliko. The four tribes are the owners of customary land rights which contain abundant natural resources, namely gold and iron ore, and other minerals that have not been processed and become an 'attraction' for foreign corporations coming to the region. [3]

In the 1990s, foreign corporations started exploring for natural resources in the Kao-Malifut area. On February 19, 1998, in a situation where the country was experiencing a monetary crisis so that the need for national economic recovery, mining investment was one of the alternatives. The government represented by Ministry of Mines and Energy signed a contract of work with PT Nusa Halmahera Minerals (NHM) marked by Surat Persetujuan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor B.53/Pres/I/1998 Pasal 4. [3]

Husen Alting in his journal, Konflik Penguasaan Tanah di Maluku Utara: Rakyat versus Penguasa dan Pengusaha, explain explicitly that from the perspective of the company, the contract of work that has been awarded on state land, so that it has nothing to do with community rights, even though there is land that is cultivated by the community above the contract of work area, but it is not a property right status. As a consequence, land compensation given to the community is only for plants that are included in the company's exploration areas. This was the beginning of the conflict between the community and the mining company. Community protests are inevitable, rallied until a boycott had taken place, but the problems continued. This is because, more and more people are aware and the birth of young generations who are educated, critical, and progressive, that customary rights in the Kao-Malifut region have been seized. The land has been dredged massively without compensation with no regard for the welfare of the community as the area affected by mining exploitation. [3]

Proposed regency

Visit of President of Indonesia Joko Widodo in North Halmahera Regency, North Maluku, became a momentum for 4 traditional institutions in the Kao and Malifut districts to convey their aspirations. The customary secretary of the Boeng people, Dominggus Isack Bitjara, said the 4 Kao sub-ethnic, namely Pagu, Towiliko, Modole, and Boeng themselves prepared at least 3 aspiration points for President Joko Widodo. Dominggus said, "We as four traditional institutions will take advantage of this historic moment to express our dreams that have not yet been realized." [4]

Kao Raya Regency includes areas that are included in Tanah Kao, namely districts of Kao, Malifut, Kao Teluk, Kao Utara, and Kao Barat. The capital of this district is planned to be in Kao. [5]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Ritual Tagi Jere di Tanah Kao". etnis.id. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  2. ↑ "SITUS KAMPUNG TUA KAO: Identitas Asal Usul dan Jejak Peradaban Islam di Wilayah Pedalaman Halmahera Utara". Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia . Retrieved 2023-05-25.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. 1 2 3 "23 Tahun NHM Mengeruk Emas di Tanah Kao". www.qureta.com. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  4. ↑ "Pemekaran 4 Lembaga Adat di Halmahera Utara Dorong Pemekaran Kao Raya". halmaherapost.com. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  5. ↑ "Bakal Bentuk 4 Kabupaten Daerah Otonomi Baru Pemekaran Wilayah di Provinsi Maluku Utara, Ini Penjelasannya..." palpos.disway.id. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
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