Tangibility

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Tangibility is the property of being able to be perceived, especially by the sense of touch. [1] [2] Metaphorically, something can also be said to be "cognitively tangible" if one can easily understand it. [3]

Contents

Law

In criminal law, one of the elements of an offense of larceny is that the stolen property must be tangible.[ citation needed ]

In the context of intellectual property, expression in tangible form is one of the requirements for copyright protection. [4] For example, in the United States, Title 17 of the United States Code, Section 102, states that a work becomes copyrighted when "fixed in any tangible medium of expression". [5] This includes literary works, music, dramatic works, pantomimes, choreography, films, sound recordings, and architectural works. [5]

In the context of international tax law, article 5(1) of the OECD Model Tax Treaty requires to date a permanent establishment to consist of a tangible place of business. This is problematic concerning the taxation of the Digital Economy.[ citation needed ]

Business

In the context of business, the tangibility of products and services lies on a spectrum between pure goods and pure services. [6] For example, bread and television are considered tangible goods, whereas air travel and investment banking are considered intangible services. [6]

Tangibility may have both negative and positive effects on a business. [7] For example, in the Pakistani textile industry, the tangibility ratio negatively correlates with return on assets. [7] However, tangibility can also make handling conflicts easier from the point of view of agency theory. [7]

In other fields

The concept of tangibility can be used in software design. For example, this idea helped shape the Onboard Context-Sensitive Information System (OCSIS) developed for use by airplane pilots. [3] In particular, it helped decide whether or not OCSIS should be handheld, or how it should display the weather. [3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "tangibility, n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary". www.oed.com. Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
  2. ↑ "Definition of TANGIBILITY". www.merriam-webster.com. 2025-03-31. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
  3. 1 2 3 Landry, Steven James (2017-11-22). Handbook of Human Factors in Air Transportation Systems. CRC Press. ISBN   978-1-351-65229-2.
  4. ↑ "What is Copyright? | U.S. Copyright Office". www.copyright.gov. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
  5. 1 2 "17 U.S. Code § 102 - Subject matter of copyright: In general". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
  6. 1 2 Botha, Johan; Bothma, Cornelius; Brink, Annekie (2005). Introduction to Marketing. Juta and Company Ltd. ISBN   978-0-7021-6511-5.
  7. 1 2 3 Ionica, Oncioiu; Sorinel, C?pu?neanu; Ioan, Topor, Dan; Maria (Oprea), Constantin, Dana (2020-07-24). Sustainability Reporting, Ethics, and Strategic Management Strategies for Modern Organizations. IGI Global. ISBN   978-1-7998-4638-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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