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Permanent residency is a person's legal resident status in a country or territory of which such person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such legal status is known as a permanent resident. In the United States, such a person is referred to as a green card holder but more formally as a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR).
Nationality law is the law of a sovereign state, and of each of its jurisdictions, that defines the legal manner in which a national identity is acquired and how it may be lost. In international law, the legal means to acquire nationality and formal membership in a nation are separated from the relationship between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Some nations domestically use the terms interchangeably, though by the 20th century, nationality had commonly come to mean the status of belonging to a particular nation with no regard to the type of governance which established a relationship between the nation and its people. In law, nationality describes the relationship of a national to the state under international law and citizenship describes the relationship of a citizen within the state under domestic statutes. Different regulatory agencies monitor legal compliance for nationality and citizenship. A person in a country of which he or she is not a national is generally regarded by that country as a foreigner or alien. A person who has no recognised nationality to any jurisdiction is regarded as stateless.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China passport is a passport issued only to permanent residents of Hong Kong who also hold Chinese citizenship. In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, since the transfer of sovereignty on 1 July 1997, the passport has been issued by the Immigration Department of the Government of Hong Kong under the authorisation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. As the official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese and English, the passport is printed bilingually in both Chinese and English.
A working holiday visa is a residence permit allowing travellers to undertake employment in the country issuing the visa to supplement their travel funds. For many young people, holding a working holiday visa enables them to experience living in a foreign country without undergoing the usual costly expenses of finding work sponsorship in advance or going on expensive university exchange programmes.
Polish nationality law is based primarily on the principle of jus sanguinis. Children born to at least one Polish parent acquire Polish citizenship irrespective of place of birth. Besides other things, Polish citizenship entitles the person to a Polish passport.
All visitors to Mongolia require a visa unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries that can obtain a visa on arrival.
Visa requirements for South African citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Republic of South Africa. As of 13 April 2021, South African citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 103 countries and territories, ranking the South African passport 53rd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.
Multiple/dual citizenship is a legal status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a national or citizen of more than one country under the laws of those countries. Conceptually, citizenship is focused on the internal political life of the country and nationality is a matter of international dealings. There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizenship status of a person. This is defined exclusively by national laws, which can vary and conflict with each other. Multiple citizenship arises because different countries use different, and not necessarily mutually exclusive, criteria for citizenship. Colloquially, people may "hold" multiple citizenship but, technically, each nation makes a claim that a particular person is considered its national.
The gallery of passport stamps by country or territory contains an alphabetical list of sovereign states or dependent territories with images of their passport stamps including visas. All Schengen countries, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania and Turkey use the same format for their stamps, and stamps are not issued while traveling from one Schengen country to another.
A foreign national wishing to enter Papua New Guinea must obtain a visa in one of the PNG diplomatic missions, unless they are a citizen of one of the countries eligible for visa on arrival or eVisa. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months.
Georgian nationality law is the law governing the acquisition, transmission and loss of Georgian citizenship.
References
- ↑ "Temporary Residency US".
- ↑ "Temporary Residency (China)".
- ↑ "Temporary Residency (Czech Republic)".
- ↑ "Temporary Residency (Poland)".
- ↑ "Temporary Residency permit (Poland)".
- ↑ "Temporary Residency (Estonia)".
- ↑ "Foreigners in Lithuania". www.renkuosilietuva.lt. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
- ↑ "Temporary Residency (Australia)".
- ↑ "Temporary Residency (South Africa)".
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