The Face on the Milk Carton

Last updated
The Face on the Milk Carton
The Face on the Milk Carton.jpg
Author Caroline B. Cooney
TranslatorEnglish
Cover artistTyler Dianne Pullara
Country United States
Language English
SeriesThe Janie Johnson series
Genre Young adult novel
Publisher"Bantam Doubleday Dell Books for Young Readers", a division of "Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. Inc."
Publication date
1990
Media typePrint (Paperback)
Pages164
ISBN 0-316-15577-2 (first edition, paperback)
OCLC 54372561
Followed byWhatever Happened to Janie?
The Voice on the Radio
What Janie Found
Janie Face to Face 

The Face on the Milk Carton is a young adult mystery novel written by author Caroline B. Cooney that was first published in 1990. [1] The first in the five-book Janie Johnson series, it was later adapted into a film for television. [2] The book is about a 15-year-old girl named Janie Johnson, who starts to suspect that her parents may have kidnapped her and that her biological parents are somewhere in New Jersey. These suspicions come after Janie recognizes a picture of herself on a milk carton under the heading "Missing Child." [3] Janie's life gets more stressful as she tries to find the truth while hiding the secret from her parents. [3]

Contents

The idea for the novel originated from the regular practice in the 1980s and 1990s for milk cartons to feature photographs of missing children. [4]

The Face on the Milk Carton, which contains themes including the exploration of self-identity, relationships with parents and peers, and individual responsibility, has been used in young adult classrooms to encourage readers to explore these themes in their own lives. [5]

The book was number 79 on the most frequently challenged books in the US for 1990-1999 [6] and number 29 for 2000-2009 for references to kidnapping, cults, challenges to authority, and sexual activity. [7] The book has also received several awards, including the Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award (1996) and the Pacific Northwest Library Association Young Readers Choice Award (1993). [8]

Summary

While at lunch on a typical day of school, Janie Johnson's life is upended after she picks up a friend's milk carton and recognizes herself as the girl in a missing person photo on the back of the carton. The child is identified as ‘Jennie Spring,’ a girl who was kidnapped from a New Jersey shopping mall when she was three years old. [9] Although Janie refuses to believe that her loving parents could have kidnapped her, she begins having flashbacks that do not fit in with her current life.

After her mother appears reluctant when she asks to see her birth certificate, Janie searches her home's attic for any information that could shed light on her flashbacks. After finding school papers with the name 'Hannah Javensen' and the dress worn by the girl on the milk carton, Janie confronts her parents.

Janie's parents explain that Hannah is their daughter, and that Janie is Hannah's daughter, making them her grandparents. According to her parents, Hannah was a confused teen who had joined a Hare Krishna style cult at a young age and was married off to one of the men in the cult. One day, Hannah showed up at the Johnson's house with Janie, and left her there before returning to the cult. The Johnsons, fearing the cult might want Janie back, fled the state and changed their name from 'Javensen' to 'Johnson.' Janie, relieved her parents are not kidnappers, concludes that her flashbacks are from her life in the cult before coming to the Johnson's.

Despite her relief, Janie struggles to forget the picture on the milk carton and her flashbacks, and begins researching the Jennie Spring kidnapping. Discrepancies between her research and her parents' story leads her to suspect that her parents may have actually kidnapped her. Although she still loves them and wants to forgive them, Janie decides to further investigate the kidnapping. Along with her boyfriend Reeve, Janie goes to New Jersey to find the Spring family.

In New Jersey, they discover that the entire family has the same red hair that Janie has, which neither Mr. and Mrs. Johnson or even Hannah has. Unsure of what to do, Janie writes the Spring family a letter, but hesitates to mail it. She loses the letter, and worries it has been mailed by someone, which would inform the Spring family.

Janie asks her parents what to do about the letter, and confronts them with what she has learned. A shocked Mr. and Mrs. Johnson reason that Hannah must have kidnapped Janie, and insist, against Janie's wishes, that they call the Springs. The book ends with Janie calling the New Jersey family.

Background

According to an interview with The Atlantic, Cooney's inspiration came to her at LaGuardia Airport, where she saw missing child flyers, including one of a toddler, posted throughout the concourse. [10] The posters struck her, and led her to imagine what it might be like if a toddler recognized herself on a poster. [10]

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, it was regular practice for milk cartons to feature photographs of missing children. [10] The practice began after a series of high-profile child kidnappings by noncustodial parents in the late 1970s led to renewed attention on law enforcement's tendency to neglect cases that involved children staying with noncustodial parents. [10] Widespread dissatisfaction with this practice prompted a campaign for law enforcement to pursue all missing children cases more aggressively. [10]

Genre and style

The Face on the Milk Carton, similarly to many of Cooney's novels, is a young adult mystery and suspense novel. [11] The recommended age range is 12 and up. [8]

Analysis

Authors John Bushman and Shelley McNerny, who specialize in analyzing young adult literature, recognize The Face on the Milk Carton, along with several other young adult novels, as a text that instructors can use to guide the development of young adults’ moral reasoning. [5] This is because the novel contains a variety of themes, including the exploration of self-identity, relationships with parents and peers, and individual responsibility, that will challenge readers to examine the dynamics that the novel's protagonist faces in the context of their own lives. [5]

In her article “Mirrors and Windows,” editor Kim Ford lists The Face on the Milk Carton as one of her thirty recommended books, as a young adult favorite, to put on a “good book” shelf. [12] Ford further notes that many of the most popular books among young adults, including The Face on the Milk Carton, are those that are both “mirrors” and “windows,” or books that allow readers to see and understand themselves in the novels’ characters. [12]

Publication

The Face on the Milk Carton was first published in 1990 by Bantam Doubleday Dell Books for Young Readers. [10] The last book of the series, Janie Face to Face, was published in January 2014. [13]

Reception

The Face on the Milk Carton has been the recipient of several awards, including the Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award (1996), Pacific Northwest Library Association Young Readers Choice Award (1993), and Iowa Teen Book Award (1993). [8]

Cumulatively, the series has sold over 4.2 million copies. [10]

The novel has also faced challenges for its mature content. The book was number 79 on the most frequently challenged books in the US for 1990-1999 and number 29 for 2000-2009 for references to kidnapping, cults, and sexual activity. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judy Blume</span> American writer of children, young adult and adult works (born 1938)

Judith Blume is an American writer of children's, young adult, and adult fiction. Blume began writing in 1959 and has published more than 25 novels. Among her best-known works are Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret. (1970), Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing (1972), Deenie (1973), and Blubber (1974). Blume's books have significantly contributed to children's and young adult literature. She was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2023.

Caroline B. Cooney is an American author of suspense, romance, horror, and mystery books for young adults.

<i>Speak</i> (Anderson novel) 1999 novel by Laurie Halse Anderson

Speak, published in 1999, is a young adult novel by Laurie Halse Anderson that tells the story of high school freshman Melinda Sordino. After Melinda is raped at an end of summer party, she calls the police, who break up the party. Melinda is then ostracized by her peers because she will not say why she called the police. Unable to verbalize what happened, Melinda nearly stops speaking altogether, expressing her voice through the art she produces for Mr. Freeman's class. This expression slowly helps Melinda acknowledge what happened, face her problems, and recreate her identity.

<i>Killing Mr. Griffin</i> Book by Lois Duncan

Killing Mr. Griffin is a 1978 suspense novel by Lois Duncan about a group of teenaged students at a New Mexico high school, who plan to kidnap their strict English teacher, Mr. Griffin. Duncan developed the story from the character of Mark, who is involved in the kidnapping plan and is based on the first boyfriend of Duncan's oldest daughter. Mr. Griffin was based on the personality of a teacher one of Duncan's daughters had in high school. In 2010, the novel was reissued with changes to modernize the content, making it more age appropriate and appealing to readers.

Cynthia Rylant is an American author and librarian. She has written more than 100 children's books, including works of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry. Several of her books have won awards, including her novel Missing May, which won the 1993 Newbery Medal, and A Fine White Dust, which was a 1987 Newbery Honor book. Two of her books are Caldecott Honor Books.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kellie Martin</span> American actress (born 1975)

Kellie Martin is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Rebecca "Becca" Thatcher in Life Goes On (1989–1993), Lucy Knight on ER (1998–2000), Samantha Kinsey in the Mystery Woman TV film series (2003–2007), and as Hailey Dean in the Hailey Dean Mystery TV film series (2016–2019).

<i>The Perks of Being a Wallflower</i> 1999 novel by Stephen Chbosky

The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming-of-age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky, which was first published on February 1, 1999, by Pocket Books. Set in the early 1990s, the novel follows Charlie, an introverted and observant child, through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb. The novel details Charlie's unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood, and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family.

<i>Looking for Alaska</i> 2005 novel by John Green

Looking for Alaska is American author John Green's debut novel, published in March 2005 by Dutton Juvenile. Based on his time at Indian Springs School, Green wrote the novel as a result of his desire to create meaningful young adult fiction. The characters and events of the plot are grounded in Green's life, while the story itself is fictional.

<i>The Devils Arithmetic</i> 1988 childrens time slip novel by Jane Yolen

The Devil's Arithmetic is a historical fiction time slip novel written by American author Jane Yolen and published in 1988. The book is about Hannah Stern, a Jewish girl who lives in New Rochelle, New York, and is sent back in time to experience the Holocaust. During a Passover Seder, Hannah is transported back in time to 1941 Poland, during World War II, where she is sent to a concentration camp and learns the importance of knowing about the past.

<i>Looking for Alibrandi</i> (novel) 1992 Australian novel by Melina Marchetta

Looking for Alibrandi is the debut novel of Australian author Melina Marchetta, published in 1992. A film adaptation of the same name was made in 2000.

<i>Both Sides of Time</i>

Both Sides of Time (1995) is a fiction book and the first of the Time Travelers Quartet series by Caroline B. Cooney. It was first published on July 1, 1995. The hardcover book has 224 pages and was published on October 9, 2001, by Delacorte Books for Young Readers. In Both Sides of Time, Caroline B. Cooney gives a realistic view of the struggles women had faced in the 19th century and how far they have come in the 20th century. The dialogue of this novel contains a mixture of the English language from the use of speech in the Victorian era to the terminologies and style of talk in modern English. The recommended age for this book is from ages 12 to 14.

<i>The Door in the Lake</i> 1997 novel by Nancy Butts

The Door in the Lake is a children's science fiction novel by Nancy Butts, first published in 1997. It is a story about loss of time and identity.

The Jennifer "Jennie" Spring/Janie Johnson series is a series of young adult novels written by Caroline B. Cooney. The series focuses on a young woman's attempts to discover the truth about her background after seeing her own image on a milk carton.

<i>The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian</i> 2007 novel by Sherman Alexie

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is a first-person narrative novel by Sherman Alexie, from the perspective of a Native American teenager, Arnold Spirit Jr., also known as "Junior," a 14-year-old promising cartoonist. The book is about Junior's life on the Spokane Indian Reservation and his decision to go to a nearly all-white public high school away from the reservation. The graphic novel includes 65 comic illustrations that help further the plot.

<i>Wake</i> (McMann novel) 2008 novel by Lisa McMann

Wake is a 2008 novel by Lisa McMann centered on seventeen-year-old Janie Hannagan's involuntary power which thrusts her into others' dreams. The novel follows Janie through parts of her young adulthood, focusing mainly on the events that occur during her senior year, in which she meets an enigmatic elderly woman, and becomes involved with Cabel, a loner and purported drug-dealer at Fieldridge High School. The book is set up in a diary like form, specifying the date and time at which each event occurs. The two books that follow Wake in the trilogy are Fade and Gone. Wake debuted on the New York Times Best Seller list for children's chapter books, and garnered several awards for young adult literature.

<i>Thirteen Reasons Why</i> 2007 novel by Jay Asher

Thirteen Reasons Why is a young adult novel written by Jay Asher in 2007, that follows the story of Hannah Baker, a high school freshman, and the thirteen reasons why she kills herself. Following her death, Hannah leaves behind a series of 7 double-sided cassette tapes detailing the 13 specific people and events that she blames for her demise. Two weeks after her death these cassette tapes are mailed out with directions to pass the tapes on to the next person on the tape. Hannah's life story is conveyed through these tapes, which are narrated by Hannah herself, and through the point of view of Clay, her classmate and the ninth person to receive the tapes. The inspiration behind the main character, Hannah Baker, comes from author Jay Asher's close relative who attempted suicide.

<i>The Face on the Milk Carton</i> (film) 1995 American made for television film

The Face on the Milk Carton is a 1995 American made for television drama film based on Caroline B. Cooney’s 1990 novel of the same name. The movie stars Kellie Martin as Jennifer Margaret Sands/Janie Jessmon, a sixteen-year-old girl who finds her face on the back of a milk carton of child abduction and puts the pieces of her past together.

<i>Lush</i> (novel)

Lush is a young adult fiction novel by Natasha Friend published in 2006 by Milkweed Editions. It focuses on Samantha Gwynn, a thirteen-year-old girl whose father is an alcoholic, which "lush" is another name for. It was listed on the Young Adult Library Services Association's (YALSA) 2007 Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers released by the American Library Association (ALA). It was also named a 2008 Rhode Island Teen Book Award nominee.

<i>Forgotten Country</i>

Forgotten Country is a 2012 novel by the American writer Catherine Chung and is published by Riverhead Books. She was recognized by Granta magazine as one of its "New Voices" of 2010.

Beginning in the early 1980s, advertisements on milk cartons in the United States were used to publicize cases of missing children. The printing of such ads continued until the late 1990s when other programs became more popular for serving the same purpose. Contemporary popular media portrayed the practice in fiction, often in a satirical manner.

References

  1. "BOOKS: Complex kidnapping story balances heartache with hope". Mitchell Republic. March 31, 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  2. Scott, Tony (May 24, 1995). "The Face On the Milk Carton". Variety. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  3. 1 2 Cooney, Caroline B. (1990). The Face on the Milk Carton. Bantam Books.
  4. Palmer, Brian (2012-04-20). "Why Did Missing Children Appear on Milk Cartons?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  5. 1 2 3 McNerny, Shelley; Bushman, John H. (2004). "Moral Choices: Building a Bridge between YA Literature and Life". The ALAN Review. 32 (1). doi:10.21061/alan.v32i1.a.6. ISSN   0882-2840.
  6. 1 2 "100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999". Banned & Challenged Books. American Library Association. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  7. "Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009". Banned & Challenged Books. American Library Association. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 "The Face on the Milk Carton — "Janie Johnson" Series". Plugged In. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  9. Landsberg, Michele (November 15, 1991). "The Face On the Milk Carton". Entertainment. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Doll, Jen (2013-01-18). "'The Face on the Milk Carton' Grows Up". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  11. "The Face on the Milk Carton". Penguin Random House. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  12. 1 2 Ford, Kim (2010). "Mirrors and Windows". Voices from the Middle. 17 (4): 48–49 via ProQuest.
  13. "Janie Face to Face by Caroline B. Cooney: 9780385742078 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Retrieved 2020-05-06.