Marie-Esprit-Léon Walras was a French mathematical economist and Georgist. He formulated the marginal theory of value and pioneered the development of general equilibrium theory. Walras is best known for his book Éléments d'économie politique pure, a work that has contributed greatly to the mathematization of economics through the concept of general equilibrium. The definition of the role of the entrepreneur found in it was also taken up and amplified by Joseph Schumpeter.
In philosophy, praxeology or praxiology is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, as opposed to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior.
Pascal Salin is a French economist, professor emeritus at the Université Paris-Dauphine and a specialist in public finance and monetary economics. He is a former president of the Mont Pelerin Society.
Serge Latouche is a French emeritus professor of economics at the University of Paris-Sud. He holds a degree in political sciences, in philosophy and in economy.
Paul Bairoch was a Swiss economic historian of Belgian descent who specialized in urban history and historical demography. He published or co-authored more than two dozen books and 120 scholarly articles. His most important works emphasize the agricultural preconditions necessary for industrialization and controversially claim, contrary to most scholars that colonization was not beneficial to colonial empires. He argued that tariffs and growth were positively correlated in the 19th century.
Nikolay Nenovsky is a Bulgarian economist, working in the fields of monetary theory and policy, monetary history and history of economic thought. He is Professor of economics at the University of Picardie Jules Verne, LEFMI, Amiens, France from 2012. Nikolay Nenovsky is currently associate researcher at SU HSE, department of theoretical economics and also associate professor at RUDN University. Since June 2020 he is a Member of the Governing Council of the Bulgarian Central Bank.
Georges Menahem is a French sociologist and economist whose work employs methods drawn from economics, sociology and statistics. He is a Research Director in the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). Previously, he had been a senior research fellow in the Institute for Research and Information in Health Economics (IRDES), a French research institute specializing in health economics and health statistics.
Albert Merlin was a French economist and vice-president of the "Presaje" institute, which deals with the interaction between the economy and Law.
Jacques Sapir is a French economist, born in 1954 in Puteaux. He is the son of psychoanalyst Michel Sapir.
Henri Lambert (1862–1934) was a Belgian engineer and glass works owner at Charleroi near Brussels. His glass works was the largest in the world in that time. He was one of the first occupied with social economy. He spoke Walloon with his blue collar workers, which was exceptional in that time. He was a prolific writer of articles for newspaper and political journals, brochures, and books on political philosophy, and had several of his works translated into German and English. He favoured individualism, free trade, and international peace. He also wrote works about corporations, trade unions, government, democracy, and representation, voicing bold and well-intentioned ideas. But his criticism of the principle of limited liability in connection with corporations is an original point which seems to have attracted attention at the turn of the century, as well as his ideas about the organisation of trade unions. He was called upon to address lawyers' and economists' associations and other bodies.
Georges de Ménil is a macroeconomics policy advisor, European political commentator, and professor emeritus of economics in France and the United States.
François Crouzet was a French historian. Considered the greatest French historian of Britain of his generation, he was Professor Emeritus of Modern History at the Université de Paris-Sorbonne at the time of his death.
Otto Effertz was a German economist.
Georges-Henri Bousquet was a 20th-century French jurist, economist and Islamologist. He was Professor of law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Algiers where he was a specialist in the sociology of North Africa. He is also known for his translation work of the great Muslim authors, Al-Ghazali, a theologian who died in 1111 and Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406). He was known as a polyglot, spoke several European languages and Eastern ones.
Jean Andreau is a French historian, former student of the École normale supérieure (1960) and former member of the École française de Rome. As of 2016, he is research director at the EHESS.
Bertrand Lemennicier was a French economist, expert in public choice economics and economic analysis of law. He was a member of the American Economic Association as well as of the Mont Pelerin Society. Charismatic and iconoclastic, he taught generations of future finance and law professionals to reason as economists.
Jean-Marc Daniel is a French Economist, Professor at ESCP Business School and editorial Director of Societal magazine. He describes himself as a classic liberal.
Philippe Frémeaux was a French economic journalist with the magazine Alternatives économiques.
Jean-Claude Casanova is a French economist, educator and public intellectual with a lifetime involvement in French civic life. He was the chairman of the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques between 2007 and 2016. A centrist in politics, he cofounded the journal Commentaire with Raymond Aron in 1978, and since then has been its editor and publisher (directeur).
Gilbert Blardone was a French economist.
